Thursday, July 30, 2009

Dogs in ancient China for china dog food

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Dogs (canis lupus familiaris), known in Classical Chinese as quan (?), played an important role in ancient Chinese society.
Contents
1 Domestication
2 Dogs as ceremonial sacrifice
3 Dogs as food
4 Dogs for hunting
5 Cultural perceptions
6 Dogs in legend
7 References
//
Domestication
Recent examination of the genetic evidence by Carles Vila and others confirms that the progenitor of the domestic dog is the wolf (Canis lupus). The suggested date of their domestication is about 100,000 BP. While accepting the wolf as the ancestor, paleontologists and archaeologists believe domestication much later. A reconstruction by a joint team of researchers from China and Sweden postulates that humans may have domesticated dogs from wolves as recently as 15,000 years ago. They found that, while most dogs share a common gene pool, genetic diversity is highest in East Asia, suggesting dogs have been domesticated there the longest. Genetic research suggests that all domestic dogs worldwide may have originated from possibly three female wolves.
The dog, along with the pig, were the earliest animals domesticated in China. Remains of both animals have been found in the oldest Neolithic settlements of the Yangshao (circa 4000 BC) and Hemudu (circa 5000 BC) cultures. Canine remains similar to the Dingo have been found in some early graves excavated in northern China.
Tests on neolothic dog bones show similarities between dogs from this era and modern-day Japanese dogs, especially the shiba inu.
Dogs as ceremonial sacrifice
According to Bruno Schindler, the origin of using dogs as sacrificial animals dates back to a primitive cult in honour of a dog-shaped god of vegetation whose worship later became amalgamated with that of Shang Di, the regining deity of the Shang pantheon.
Systematic excavation of Shang tombs around Anyang since 1928 have revealed a large number of animal and human sacrifices. There was hardly a tomb or a building consecrated without the sacrifice of a dog. At one site, Xiaotong, bones of a total number of 825 human victims, 15 horses, 10 oxen, 18 sheep and 35 dogs were unearthed. Dogs were usually buried wrapped in reed mats and sometimes in lacquer coffins. Small bells with clappers, called ling (?) have sometimes been found at the necks of dogs or horses. The fact that alone among domestic animals dogs and horses were buried demonstrates the importance of these two animals to ancient Chinese society. It's reflected in an idiom passed down to modern times: "to serve like a dog or a horse." (????).
Shang oracle bones mention questions concerning the whereabouts of lost dogs. They also refer to the ning (?) rite during which a dog was dismembered to placate the four winds or honour the four directions. This sacrifice was carried over into Zhou times. The Er ya records a custom to dismember a dog to "bring the four winds to a halt." (??). Other ceremonies involving dogs are mentioned in the Zhou li. In the nan (?) sacrifice to drive away pestilience, a dog was dismembered and his remains buried in front of the main gates of the capital. The ba (?) sacrifice to ward off evil required the Son of Heaven, riding in a jade chariot, to crush a dog under the wheels of his carriage. The character ba gives a clue as to how the ceremony took place. It is written with the radical for chariot (?) and a phonetic element which originally meant an animal whose legs had been bound (?). It was the duty of a specially appointed official to supply a dog of one colour and without blemishes f or the sacrifice. The blood of dogs were used for the swearing of covenants between nobles.
Towards the late fifth century BC, surrogates began to be used for sacrifice in lieu of real dogs. The Dao De Jing mentions the use of straw dogs as a metaphor:
Heaven and earth are ruthless, and treat the myriad creatures as straw dogs;the sage is ruthless, and treats the people as straw dogs.
However, the practice of burying actual dogs by no means died out. One Zhongshan royal mausoleum, for example, included two hunting dogs with gold and silver neck rings.
Later, clay figurines of dogs were buried in tombs. Large quantities of these sculptures have been unearthed from the Han dynasty onwards. Most show sickle-shaped tails not unlike the modern shiba inu or akita inu.
Dogs as food
Dogs, along with pigs, constituted the major source of animal protein in ancient China. "Dog butchers" (??) was a specific (and lowly-regarded) profession. They are called "idle and untrustworthy" by Fan Ye. Dog butchers who rose to prominence include the strongman Zhu Hai, the musician Gao Jianli, and courtier Fan Kuai (all circa third century BC).
The ancient word for dog meat was ran (?). Indeed, it was so common that the Old Chinese character meaning "to burn" or "to roast" showed dog meat on top of a...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about aluminum glass doors, wholesale cabinet doors, rug door, cold storage room, aluminium sliding window, air doors, glass kitchen doors, carved wood door, lambo car doors, security screen doors, . The PVC Door And Window Profiles products should be show more here!

Merrow Sewing Machine Company for can seaming machines

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Merrow Sewing Machine Company
Type
Private
Founded
1838
Headquarters
Fall River, Massachusetts, USA
Key people
Charlie Merrow, Chairman & CEO
Owen Merrow, CFO
Industry
Textiles
Products
Overlock Sewing MachinesCrochet Sewing MachinesEnd To End Seaming MachinesSewing Machine PartsSewing Machine Needles
Employees
~25 (2007)
Website
www.merrow.com
Merrow Sewing Machine Company is a manufacturer of sewing machines, established in 1838 as the Merrow Company by J. Makens Merrow. Originally a gunpowder manufacturer, in 1837 the company built a knitting mill, and in 1887 evolved to design, build and market sewing machines exclusively. Best known for inventing the overlock sewing machine, it was renamed J. B. Merrow & Sons in 1888, then The Merrow Machine Company in 1893 and finally the Merrow Sewing Machine Company in 2004. Originally all of its manufacturing was done at facilities in Merrow, Connecticut and then in Hartford Connecticut. The Company is currently based in Fall River, MA near Providence, RI.
Contents
1 History
2 from Gunpowder to Knitting Mills
3 the first Overlock Machine
4 the Merrow Machine Company
5 the Merrow Sewing Machine Company
6 Present Day
7 Timeline
8 External links
9 References
//
History
from Gunpowder to Knitting Mills
In the early 19th Century Mr. Joesph Makens Merrow became interested in the manufacture of gunpowder and established a powder mill 24 miles from Hartford CT. When the Mill was destroyed by explosion in 1837 it was decided to build a knitting factory on the same site using water power from an asjacent river.
At first the knitted goods were made largely of native wool which was sorted, scoured and dyed, picked, carded and spun into yarn and knitted into hosiery. The product was sold through comission merchants in New York and delivered to retail stores throughout New England by two-horse wagons. Following the gold rush of 1849 shipments of goods began to sail to San Francisco. As the business increases a small machine shop was started to support the equipment in the factory.
the first Overlock Machine
In Conjunction with the knitting business, the first Crochet Machines were constructed for finishing around the tops of men's socks in place of handwork. The Merrow machine as it is now known, was an invention of Mr. Joseph M. Merrow, who was president of the company until his death in 1947 at age 98.
The Merrow Machines were constructed under his direction prior to 1876 with numerous patents granted. The machines were so useful that business was undertaken to introduce the equipment to other textile manufacturers. In 1887 the knitting mill was destroyed by fire and the company moved to Hartford and reorganized concentrating on the manufacture of overlock sewing machines.
the Merrow Machine Company
In hartford the Company focused on building lines of industrial overlock sewing machines that were used to overedge fabric, add decorative edging and support the fabric processing trade by joining fabrics.
Between 1893 when the company was renamed the Merrow Machine Company, and 1932 when a line of 'A Class' machines was introduced, Merrow had a significant impact on the textile industry. The technology and rate of innovation in this time, spearheaded by Joseph M. Merrow was unequaled in the industry. As a consequence there were several high profile legal confrontations, including Merrow v. Wilcox & Gibbs in 1897.
Sales for overlock sewing machines were strong and Merrow grew to employ more than 500 people in Hartford Ct. The company also excelled developing international distribution and by 1905 had agents in 35 countries and printed manuals in at least 12 languages.
In the mid 1960s Merrow opened a manufacturing facility in Lavonia GA to reduce costs and maintain proximity to an American textile market that was moving from New York City to the American South East.
In the 1990s Merrow developed a new overlock machine called the Delta Class, but was never able to gain traction with the new model.
In 2004 shareholders of the Merrow Machine Co. agreed to a buyout of the company by Charlie Merrow, and it was renamed the Merrow Sewing Machine Company.
the Merrow Sewing Machine Company
After the reorginzation in Massachusetts, the company released notice that it would continue supporting most models of sewing machines manufactured after 1925, and would re-release to market new versions of its most popular models.
The company has capitalized on the trademarks 'merrowed' and 'merrowing', working with manufacturers who use Merrow Machines to brand and market 'merrow' stitching.
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Nordyke Marmon & Company for flour milling equipment

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Nordyke Marmon & Company was a manufacturer of flour mills and located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.
The company began in 1851 as the Nordyke, Ham & Company started in the manufacture of milling machinery in a small shop in Richmond, Indiana. Previously, Ellis Nordyke, a prominent millwright, had been making hand made milling equipment himself in Richmond. Buhr stones from France were imported for grinding grains.
In 1858, Addison H. Nordyke and his father, Ellison, formed a partnership in to manufacture and build flour mills. The company was named E. & A. H. Nordyke with a small building just behind Ellis Nordyke's home serving as the first plant. This business continued until 1866 when Daniel W. Marmon joined the firm and the name changed to Nordyke Marmon & Company. Around 1870, Nordyke Marmon & Co. was a major concern in constructing mills. Amos K. Hallowell began with the company in 1875 and stayed through until 1895.
Addison H. Nordyke stayed with the company as an active official until 1899 and as a stockholder and director until 1904. Daniel W. Marmon continued his active official connection with the company until his death in 1909.
In 1875, Nordyke Marmon & Company moved to Indianapolis to obtain better manufacturing and shipping facilities. The "Quaker City Works", located in West Indianapolis adjoining the Indianapolis & Vincennes Railroad and Belt Railroads, was purchased in 1876. The firm grew in this location and became known as America's top mill builder.
The products of Nordyke Marmon exported machinery to Canada, Mexico, Central and South America furnishing complete machinery equipment for flour mills, corn mills, cereal mills, starch and rice mills and elevators. They made roller mills, bolting machines, packers, blending machinery, rice, corn and starch mill machinery and numerous special machines.
The Marmon sons now running Nordyke Marmon were dissatisfied with the automobiles of the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1902 built a luxury car to satisfy their own demands. Howard Marmon went on to develop the Marmon Motor Car Company and build a high quality and dependable car.
Sources
A Brief History of The Nordyke & Marmon Company
Marmon Motor Car Company
This business-related biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Sodium phosphates for tri sodium phosphate

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(Redirected from Sodium phosphate)

Monosodium phosphate

Disodium hydrogen phosphate

Trisodium phosphate
Sodium phosphate is a generic term for the salts of sodium and phosphate. They are:
Monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4)
Disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4)
Trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4)
Use
Sodium phosphates are used as food additives. Sodium phosphates are added to many foods as an emulsifier to prevent oil separation. Some examples are processed cheeses, processed meats, ready-made meals and tinned (canned) soups. Sodium phosphates are also commonly added to powdered soups, boullions and gravy mixtures.
Sodium phosphates can also be used as a leavening agent. Some examples of these foods include the batter coating on breaded fish or chicken, and commercially baked cakes.
Adding sodium phosphates to food increases the shelf life of the food; maintaining the texture and appearance of the food.
Sodium Phosphate (trisodium phosphate) is also an ingredient of cleaning products; e.g. Sugar soap.
Risk
Oral sodium phosphates for bowel preparation for colonoscopy carry a risk of kidney injury under the form of phosphate nephropathy.
References
Lien, Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2008, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18797448, http://www.medscape.com/viewprogram/17294_pnt
Categories: Phosphates | Sodium compounds
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ASTM F 1450 for Metal Security Door

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ASTM F1450 is a standard which test method for hollow metal swinging door assemblies for detention facilities. This standard was created by the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM International which was founded in 1898, is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. This standard was published by ASTM F33 which is a committee specializes about detention and correctional facilities. This method deal with requirements for test to determine the performance characteristics of swinging detention hollow metal door assemblies of various styles and types of construction. The aim is to test the capability to prevent against intrusion, avoid that intruders penetrate in unauthorized access and to resist common types of vandalism into an organisation. In this regards, ASTM have simulated repeatedly exert tremendous amounts of impact energy against a door in o rder to break through.
The main keywords to present this standard are battering ram; detention security; escape; fire test (door); impact test for door; lock; physical security; rack test for door; and security hollow metal.
See also
Materials property
Standards organizations
Standards
International standards
Physical security
External links
Veridion information security compliance directory
ASTM International
More info on ASTM F1450
Categories: ASTM standards
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