Delta Air Lines Flight 191

Aircraft


A Delta Air Lines L-1011


The airplane used on that day was N726DA, a Lockheed L-1011-385-1 TriStar, a workhorse in Delta's fleet at the time. The flight was piloted by Captain Edward "Ted" Conners, First Officer Rudolph Price and Second Officer Nick Nassick.
gillette mach 3 turbo blades


Crash
hole saw arbor


NTSB map indicating locations of passengers according to lack of injury, types of injuries, and deaths


As the aircraft flew over Louisiana, a thunderstorm formed directly in its path. The aircraft began its descent procedures over Louisiana, heading over the planned descent route. Captain Conners then recognized the forming thunderstorm and took action to change the plane's heading to avoid the turbulent weather.


At Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, weather was also poor and an isolated thunderstorm developed near DFW. The Captain and copilot noticed the isolated storm ahead, but decided to proceed through it anyway, which resulted in the aircraft getting caught up in a microburst.


At about 1500 feet above ground level (460 m), First Officer Price (as heard in the cockpit voice recorder) reported seeing lightning in one of the clouds ahead.


At 800 feet (240 m) above ground level, the airspeed increased without crew intervention. Although the aircraft was supposed to land at 149 knots IAS (276 km/h), its airspeed instead increased to 173 knots IAS (320 km/h). Price tried to stabilize the aircraft's speed, but Conners had recognized the aircraft's speed increase as a sign of wind shear, and he warned Price to watch the speed. Conners told Price, "you're going to lose it all of a sudden, there it is." Suddenly, the airspeed dropped from 173 to 133 knots IAS (320 to 246 km/h), and Price pushed the throttles forward, giving temporary lift. The airspeed then suddenly dropped to 119 knots IAS (220 km/h); on the cockpit voice recording Conners can be heard saying "Hang on to the son of a bitch!" In addition to the sudden tailwind, the aircraft also experienced a downdraft of more than 30 feet per second. This downdraft would reverse itself several times over the final moments of the flight.


As Price struggled to maintain control of the aircraft through rapidly changing wind conditions, it was hit by a sudden sideward gust, causing a rapid roll to the right and an increase in the aircraft's angle of attack. Price attempted to regain control by pushing the aircraft's nose down to avoid a stall, but the severe wind conditions continued to force the airplane towards the ground. Its descent rate reached 5,000 feet per minute at 280 feet above ground level. Price pulled the aircraft's nose up forcefully just before impact as the captain called "TOGA" ("Take Off/Go Around"), reducing the airplane's descent rate to 10 feet per second at the initial touchdown.


Delta Flight 191 first struck the ground on a field about 6,300 feet north of the approach end of runway 17L and bounced back into the air. Then, while crossing State Highway 114, it came down again, with an engine striking a black 1971 Toyota Celica vehicle, killing its occupant, William Hodge Mayberry. The aircraft also struck a highway light pole near its wing root, igniting the wing fuel tank, before skidding onto the airfield in Irving, colliding with two 4-million US gallon (15,000 m) water tanks at a speed of 220 knots, and exploding into flames. Most of the survivors of Flight 191 were located in the rear section of the aircraft, which broke free from the main fuselage before the aircraft hit the water tanks.


Most of the survivors sat in the smoking section. Authorities took most of the survivors to Parkland Memorial Hospital.


Two of the passengers who initially survived the impact died more than 30 days after the accident. On the ground, an airline employee who assisted the rescue of the passengers became hospitalized overnight after feeling chest and arm pains.


Delta Air Lines Flight 191 has the second highest death toll of any aviation accident involving a Lockheed L-1011 anywhere in the world after Saudia Flight 163.


Investigation


After a lengthy investigation, the National Transportation Safety Board deemed the cause of the crash to be attributable to pilot error, combined with extreme weather phenomena associated with microburst-induced wind shear.


The NTSB attributed the accident to lack of the ability to detect microbursts aboard aircraft; the radar equipment aboard aircraft at the time was unable to detect wind changes, only thunderstorms. After the investigation, NASA researchers at Langley Research Center modified a Boeing 737 as a testbed for an on-board Doppler weather radar. The resultant airborne wind shear detection and alert system was installed on many commercial airliners in the United States after the FAA mandated that all commercial aircraft must have on-board windshear detection systems.


Legacy


The crash of Delta Flight 191 was later the subject of a television movie called Fire and Rain.


The crash of Delta Flight 191 was also shown on an episode of When Weather Changed History on The Weather Channel and in a British air accident series known as Black Box (Deadly Weather) from Channel 4.


"Slammed to the Ground" of Mayday (Air Crash Investigation or Air Emergency) on Discovery Channel Canada and National Geographic dramatized the disaster.


The flight number "191" has been associated with numerous crashes and incidents over the years, including the deadliest crash in United States History. It has even prompted some airlines to stop the use of this number. See flight 191 for more information.


Passengers


Don Estridge, known to the world as the father of the IBM PC, died aboard this flight along with his wife, Mary Ann, two IBM summer interns, and six additional family members of IBM employees.


See also


Dallas-Fort Worth portal


Aviation portal


Microburst


Lists of accidents and incidents on commercial airliners


Air safety


Flight 191


Pan Am Flight 759


References


^ a b Magnuson, Ed (18 April 2005). "Like a Wall of Napalm". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1050423-2,00.html. 


^ a b "Aircraft Accident Report". National Transportation Safety Board. http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR86-05.pdf. 


^ "Probable Cause of Delta Air Lines Flight 191 Crash". National Transportation Safety Board. http://ntsb.gov/ntsb/brief.asp?ev_id=20001214X37434. Retrieved 2006-08-27. 


^ Wallace, Lane E. ""The Best That We Can Do":Taming the Microburst Windshear". Airborne Trailblazer. NASA. http://oea.larc.nasa.gov/trailblazer/SP-4216/chapter5/ch5.html. Retrieved 2009-01-16. 


^ "Slammed To The Ground." Mayday.


^ Sanger, David E. "PHILIP ESTRIDGE DIES IN JET CRASH; GUIDED IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER." The New York Times. August 5, 1985. Retrieved on May 6, 2009.


External links


Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript


Accident photos


AirDisaster.com Special Report


Pre-accident photos from Airliners.net


DFW Delta Flight 191 - Essay from Mica Calfee, a firefighter-paramedic who responded to the crash


NTSB executive summary report


"Like a Wall of Napalm"


Delta 191 In Their Words


Advertisement for animations used in court


Delta Flight 191 Approach and Crash - 2 Aug 1985 at YouTube YouTube link states "This video is no longer available due to a copyright claim by Z-Axis ."


Animation of the crash, indicating wind vectors and synchronized to voice recorder data (description here)


The crash of Flight 1141/Crash resurrects memories of 1985


Vanderbilt Television News Archive


Coordinates: 325506 970125 / 32.91833N 97.02361W / 32.91833; -97.02361


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1984 Aviation accidents and incidents in 1985 1986


Eastern Air Lines Flight 980 (January 1)  Galaxy Airlines Flight 203 (January 21)  China Airlines Flight 006 / Iberia Airlines Flight 610 (February 19)  Polar 3 (February 24)  Aeroflot Flight SSSR-65856 (May 3)  TWA Flight 847 (June 14)  Braathens SAFE Flight 139 (June 21)  Air India Flight 182 (June 23)  Air India Flight 301 (June 23)  Aeroflot Flight 7425 (July 10)  Delta Air Lines Flight 191 (August 2)  Japan Airlines Flight 123 (August 12)  British Airtours Flight 28M (August 22)  Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 (August 25)  Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105 (September 6)  EgyptAir Flight 648 (November 23)  Arrow Air Flight 1285 (December 12)


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Categories: Accidents and incidents on commercial airliners in the United States | Airliner crashes caused by microburst | Aviation accidents and incidents officially attributed to pilot error | 1985 meteorology | Aviation accidents and incidents in 1985 | 1985 in the United States | Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex | Delta Air Lines flights | Disasters in Texas | Irving, Texas | Accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed L-1011

Characters of Final Fantasy VIII

China Suppliers


Cast creation and influences


Full motion video depictions of Laguna (left) and Squall, two of the main protagonists


Scenario writer Kazushige Nojima stresses the dynamic of players' relationships with the main character in Final Fantasy games; thus, he puts significant thought into how that relationship will develop. With Final Fantasy VII, protagonist Cloud Strife's reserved nature led Nojima to include scenarios in which the player can select Cloud's responses to certain situations and dialogue. With Final Fantasy VIII, which also features a reserved lead protagonist in Squall, Nojima wanted to give players actual insight into what the protagonist is thinking, even while other characters remain uninformed. This approach led to the inclusion of numerous instances of internal monologue, giving insight into what Squall thinks of other characters and recent developments.
honeybush tea


Character designer Tetsuya Nomura, while exchanging e-mails with director Yoshinori Kitase during the period between the development of Final Fantasy VII and Final Fantasy VIII, suggested that the game should have a "school days" feel. Because Nojima already had a story in mind in which the main characters were the same age, the idea worked. Thus, they created the concept of military academies, called "Gardens", in which students would train to become "SeeD" mercenaries. Nojima also planned for the two playable parties featured in the gamequall's present day group and Laguna Loire's group of twenty years in the pasto highly contrast with one another. Laguna's group consists of characters in their late twenties and have a lot of combat experience. They are also close friends who have fought together for a long time and trust one another. Opposite, Squall's party is young and inexperienced, and Squall himself does not initially understand the value of friendship.
fujian oolong tea


Kitase expressed a desire to give the game a foreign atmosphere ("foreign" being in relation to Japan); his objective with the environment was to create a largely European setting. The first character Nomura designed specifically for use in Final Fantasy VIII was Squall, initially giving him longer hair and a more feminine appearance. However, Yoshinori Kitase did not feel that this design worked and asked Nomura to shorten his hair and make him look more masculine, which led to the design seen in-game. When designing Cloud Strife, Nomura gave him distinctly spiky, bright blonde hair to emphasize his role as that game's protagonist. With Squall, Nomura wanted to try a unique angle to establish his role, giving him the characteristic gunblade scar across the bridge of his nose. A complete history was not yet conceived, so Nomura left the explanation for Squall's scar to Nojima. Squall's design was flourished by a fur lining along the collar of his jacket, included for the purpose of challenging the game's full motion video designers. This is but one example of the demands he has consistently extended to the programmers of the Final Fantasy series as technology has advanced.


"Guardian Forces", creatures who are brought into battle to attack enemies or support the party, are the version of summons appearing in Final Fantasy VIII. Nomura felt they should be unique beings, without clothes or other human-like concepts. This was problematic, as he did not want them to "become the actual monsters", so he took great care in their design. Ramuhn old wizard from earlier Final Fantasy gamesas replaced; other human-like designs were re-imagined nude and with creature-like elements. Nomura, also the director of the Guardian Force animation sequences, wanted to create a greater impact than the summons of Final Fantasy VII. Leviathan was created as a test and included in a game demo. Garnering a positive reaction from players, Nomura decided to create the remaining sequences in a similar fashion.


In a Famitsu Weekly interview with Kitase, Nomura, and Yuusuke Naoi, the team agreed that Final Fantasy VIII reflects Nomura's preferred technique, as opposed to Final Fantasy VII, which featured characters that "weren't really his style". The team also decided to use realistically proportioned characters. The higher level of full motion video technology would have otherwise created an inconsistency between the in-game graphics and the higher definition full motion video graphics. Additionally, Kitase explained that the main logo of the gamequall and Rinoa embracingas inspired by the team's efforts to express emotion through body language.


Creatures and races


See also: Monsters of Final Fantasy


The world of Final Fantasy VIII is predominantly occupied by humans. Another prominent race is the "Shumi", a small tribe of creatures with yellow skin and large arms. The tribe lives in an underground village on the Trabian continent. The Shumi frown upon showing off their large hands; NORG, the owner of Balamb Garden, was exiled from the tribe for his ostentation. All Shumi undergo a biological metamorphosis at some point in their lives; a qualified Shumi will become an Elder while another may become a mute "Moomba". Moombas are covered in red fur, which the Shumi attribute to "the passionate ingenuity in their hearts". Additionally, Moombas have appeared in several Final Fantasy spin-offs, including Chocobo World and Chocobo Racing.


Chocobosarge galliform birds common throughout the Final Fantasy seriesre featured in the game. In this title, Chocobos are generally undomesticated and can be found in various forests throughout the world. Each forest has a minigame where the player must corral baby Chocobos to locate the mother. If the player catches a bird, a baby Chocobo (a Chicobo) named Boko will follow the player around. Boko has his own game called Chocobo World that can be downloaded from the PlayStation disc onto a PocketStation game unit. Series composer Nobuo Uematsu created two Chocobo themes for Final Fantasy VIII: "Mods de Chocobo" and "Odeka de Chocobo".


Final Fantasy VIII also features an array of common real world creatures, such as cats and dogs. The game also includes numerous monsters, many of which have appeared earlier in the series. Popular recurring monsters include Adamantoise, Behemoth, Bomb, Cactuar, Iron Giant, Malboro, and Tonberry.


Playable characters


Squall


Main article: Squall Leonhart


Squall Leonhart (, Sukru Reonhto?) is the primary protagonist and a young student at Balamb Garden, identifiable by the scar on his face that a fellow student, Seifer, inflicted. He rarely speaks and has the reputation of being a lone wolf. As Squall's story unfolds, he becomes fascinated with and falls in love with Rinoa, despite never outwardly expressing such until the ending. Squall is characterized by forlorn memories of standing out in the rain at the orphanage where he grew up, wondering where "Sis" went. Squall's weapon is a gunblade, a sword that uses components of a revolver to send vibrations through the blade when triggered. His Limit Break is a series of sword strikes called Renzokuken.


Rinoa


Rinoa Heartilly (, Rinoa Htir?) is the primary female protagonist. She is the seventeen-year-old daughter of General Caraway, a high-ranking officer in the Galbadian army, and Julia Heartilly, a successful pianist and singer. Rinoa is a member of the Forest Owls, a resistance faction seeking to liberate the small nation of Timber from Galbadian occupation. When the party helps the resistance movement fight Galbadia, Rinoa decides to stay with them. As a result she ends up falling in love with Squall. In battle, she uses a weapon called a "Blaster Edge", which consists of an arm holster and a projectile that returns like a boomerang. In her Combine Limit Break, she attacks in unison with her dog, Angelo. When Rinoa gains Sorceress powers, she acquires a second Limit Break, Angel Wing, which increases her spell-casting ability, along with rendering her in a state of "magic" berserk for the remainder of the battle.


From left, Tetsuya Nomura's designs of Selphie, Rinoa, and Quistis


When designing Rinoa, Tetsuya Nomura emphasized that he tried to avoid letting the possibilities presented by the recent advancements in full motion video technology become the entire focus, believing that these innovations might tempt developers to make their female characters "too beautiful" and focus more on physical appearance than personality. With this concern in mind, Nomura set out with the intention to avoid making Rinoa gorgeous, and to simply make her "cute" instead. To further emphasize this, he wrote a list of vocabulary traits and physical habits for Rinoa's character that he felt conveyed this idea of "cute, not gorgeous", and sent them to Nojima along with the character's design.


Although Squall and Rinoa clearly develop a relationship, it is never explicit until the final cutscene. IGN criticized this, stating that "considering that the love story is so integral to everything that happensot to mention forming the central image of the box artt's incomprehensible why no one says 'I love you' to anyone, ever". Game Revolution, however, stated "Frankly, you don't even have to play the game to know that love will win out in some way... very 'Hollywood.' But it is the way in which they tell the story that sets it apart from being just some teen-angst drama". In terms of Rinoa herself, when the Game Revolution reviewer cited the wish that the game had voice acting, he specifically mentioned Rinoa, stating "there is something sorely missing when I can't hear Rinoa talk". She is also the subject of numerous fansites, as well as an 8.0 rating on WomenGamers.com.


Laguna


Laguna Loire (, Raguna Rewru?) is a man whose past and relation to the main characters are revealed slowly throughout the game. Most of the sequences involving Laguna appear in the form of "dreams" experienced by the protagonists. Squall always experiences these dreams from Laguna's point of view, although he does not think too highly of Laguna. Laguna attacks with a machine gun and his Limit Break, Desperado, which involves a swinging rope, a grenade, and a lot of bullets. During the dream segments, he is a twenty-seven-year-old soldier in the Galbadian army who travels with his companions, Kiros Seagill and Ward Zabac. He is also an aspiring journalist whose real weapon of choice is writing.


During the first two dream segments, he and his team are shown getting lost and visiting the hotel where singer Julia Heartilly, Laguna's romantic interest, performs. After a scouting mission at Centra, the three soldiers are separated and Laguna is injured. A young woman named Raine takes him to Winhill where he is nursed back to health. He falls in love with and marries her. However, he is drawn away from his new home when a young girl in their care, Ellone, is kidnapped. Laguna tracks her down in Esthar, where he helps liberate the nation from the despotic rule of Sorceress Adel. The people of Esthar elect Laguna as their president and Ellone is sent back to Winhill without him. After Raine dies, her child (whom Ward and Kiros imply to be Squall in a conversation aboard the Ragnarok) and Ellone are sent to an orphanage. Laguna is unable to leave his post to visit her and remains president of Esthar to present day. Ellone and Laguna are reunited in space, and Laguna helps the party prepare for their fight against Ultimecia.


The concept of two main characters was planned since the beginning of the game's development. Nomura tried to create a contrast between Laguna's and Squall's occupations; thus, Laguna became a soldier and Squall became a mercenary student. The designers intended Laguna to be more similar to the previous protagonists in the series to complement Squall, who is different from previous main characters. He is ranked seventh in Electronic Gaming Monthly's list of the top ten video game politicians.


Seifer


Seifer Almasy (, Saif Arumash?) is a classmate and rival of Squall, who can only be controlled by the player during the Dollet sequence. He reappears as a boss later in the game. He acts as a foil to Squall in many respects, having dated Rinoa before she met Squall, and assuming a leadership position among his friends. Like Squall, Seifer wields a gunblade which he calls "Hyperion". His Limit Break, Fire Cross, allows him to use an attack called No Mercy. He later uses the more powerful techniques Demon Slice and Bloodfest against the player. Seifer has a short temper and is often depicted as a bully who desires attention. He is also fiercely independent and is often punished for his recklessness. He is the leader of Balamb Garden's disciplinary committee with his friends Fujin and Raijin. After joining Ultimecia, he becomes the leader of the Galbadian army.


During the introduction sequence, Seifer cuts Squall across the left side of his face with his gunblade, leaving a scar. Squall retaliates with a backhand slash that leaves Seifer with a mirrored scar. At the following field exam in Dollet, Seifer acts independently from his teammates Squall and Zell, abandoning them; consequently, he fails and is not promoted to SeeD. Spurred by dreams of a brighter future, he defects to Sorceress Edea so he could be her "knight". From his point of view, Squall and the others are "evil" and he recognizes himself as a hero. As Seifer is brainwashed by the sorceress, he alienates himself from his friends. Eventually, Fujin and Raijin abandon him and he is defeated shortly afterward. At the end of the game, Seifer is seen fishing and having fun with Fujin and Raijin again.


Nomura had originally intended Seifer not only as Squall's rival, but also as part of the love triangle between him, Squall, and Rinoa. Although this concept was not thoroughly explored in the final script, Seifer remains Squall's rival and his appearance was designed to contrast with Squall's. They have equivalent but mirrored scars on their faces and their jackets are of opposing color and length. Both characters use gunblades; Squall's gunblade is larger and requires two hands, while Seifer's gunblade is lighter and can be wielded with one hand. A younger version of Seifer makes an appearance in Kingdom Hearts II as a member of the Twilight Town Disciplinary Committee with Fujin and Raijin. Seifer in the virtual Twilight Town is a rival of the main character, Roxas, and at one point mentions that he does not wish to cooperate with destiny. In the English version, he is voiced by Will Friedle.


Quistis


Quistis Trepe (, Kisutisu Turpu?) is an eighteen-year-old instructor at Balamb Garden, where Squall, Zell, and Seifer are students. She uses a chain whip in battle, and her Limit Break, Blue Magic, a common ability found throughout the Final Fantasy games, allows her to imitate monsters' attacks. Early in the game, Quistis is discharged as an instructor because she "[lacks] leadership qualities". Afterwards, she maintains a more informal relationship with the other characters as a fellow member of SeeD.


As a child, Quistis stayed at an orphanage with most of the main characters. She then lived with foster parents, with whom she never developed any intimacy, before moving to Galbadia Garden at age ten. She became a SeeD at fifteen and an instructor two years later. Quistis initially joins Squall to prepare him for his upcoming field exam. She later takes Squall into her confidence and tells him personally about her demotion. As a result, Squall stops paying attention to her, which leads to Quistis asking if he is paying attention. Squall rudely tells her to go "talk to a wall", a famous comical line in the game, and not to burden him with her problems. This furthers the player's perception of Squall's awkwardness and asocial tendencies. When Irvine refreshes the main characters' memories about the orphanage, they remember that Squall's asocial behavior began when Ellone, an older sister figure to Squall, left the orphanage unexpectedly. As a result of these revelations, Quistis recognizes that her feelings for Squall are more sisterly than romantic. Later, she criticizes Squall when he nearly abandons Rinoa, his romantic interest.


When designing the characters, Nomura had wanted at least one female character to wear a skirt. Quistis was originally supposed to fill this part, but Nomura decided a long skirt worn over pants would look better. The role was eventually passed to Selphie. Nomura was surprised when the writers cast her as a teacher, despite being around the same age as the rest of the group.


Selphie


Selphie Tilmitt (, Serufi Tirumitto?) is a student at Balamb Garden who recently transferred from Trabia Garden. She is active and energetic, although slightly clumsy. She participates in many extracurricular activities, such as planning the Garden Festival and running the school's website. She wields nunchaku in battle, and her Limit Break Slot allows the player to cast a random spell numerous times. In addition to battle, she pilots the Ragnarok starship.


Selphie first appears when running into Squall while late for class. She asks Squall to show her around because she recently transferred. During the Dollet exam, Selphie joins Squall's team after Seifer abandons them. She becomes a SeeD with Squall and Zell, and the three are assigned to the same team. When Galbadia launches missiles at Trabia Garden, she reacts with outrage and helps destroy the missile base. Throughout the game, she revisits her childhood closeness with Irvine, who serves as her copilot on the Ragnarok.


Selphie was the second character that Nomura drew, after Squall, intentionally giving her an impractical hairstyle. When he first designed Selphie, Nomura drew her in overalls; however, he realized that none of the characters would be wearing a skirt. In the end, he gave Selphie a mini-skirt and let Quistis have pants. In the Kingdom Hearts series, Nomura included a younger version of Selphie as a resident of Destiny Islands. This Selphie uses a jump rope instead of nunchaku and is voiced by Molly Keck in the English release.


Zell


Zell Dincht (, Zeru Din?) is a student at Balamb Garden with Squall and Seifer. Seventeen years old, Zell is a martial artist; his weapons are gloves, and his Limit Break, Duel, requires the player to input button combinations on the controller to deal damage. Zell is slightly impulsive and overconfident in his own skill; however, he is loyal to his friends. Zell is often used as comic relief; Seifer gives him the nickname "chicken-wuss" and other characters begin using it as well. He also has a passion for hot dogs; a recurring gag is that they are always sold out by the time he reaches the cafeteria.


Zell lived at the same orphanage as many of the other protagonists; this is where Seifer first began to bully him. He was later adopted by the Dincht family in the town of Balamb. His motivation for enrolling at Garden is to live up to the memory of his grandfather, a famous soldier.


Zell was designed to look and act like the main character of a shnen manga (Japanese comic books intended primarily for boys); his neighbors in Balamb describe him as a "'comic-bookish' type of hero". He also thinks of himself as Seifer's rival, despite not being the main character. The inspiration for the tattoo on his face came from an MTV music video that featured a man with a full body tattoo.


Irvine


Irvine Kinneas (, vain Kiniasu?) is a student at Galbadia Garden, one of the three mercenary academies in the game. He is one of the Garden's elite sharpshooters, always carrying his rifle. His Limit Break is Shot, which deals damage and inflicts status effects depending on the type of ammunition. Irvine is depicted as a cowboy, tall and fair-skinned with long brown hair that he wears pulled back in a ponytail. He also enjoys flirting with the female characters, being known as well for his marksmanship as his charm. He acts like a carefree, but misunderstood loner; however, this is merely a faade to charm women and hide his lack of confidence.


When Sorceress Edea becomes the Galbadian ambassador, Balamb and Galbadia Gardens order Squall's team to assassinate her; Irvine is introduced as the sniper for the mission. Moments before the assassination attempt, he explains to Squall that he always chokes under pressure. At Trabia Garden, Irvine reveals that he and most of the other party members had lived in the same orphanage, run by Cid and Edea Kramer. However, the others could not remember this because of their use of Guardian Forces (GF), magical beings who cause severe long-term memory loss as a side effect. Because Irvine had not used a GF until he joined the party, he is able to remember his past. During the game, Irvine gradually draws closer to Selphie, acting on the feeling he has had since living with her at the orphanage.


With Irvine, Nomura tried to strike a balance between not overshadowing Squall and not becoming too unattractive. He gave Irvine a handsome appearance, but a casual personality, hoping that this would make him less attractive than Squall. Keeping with this idea, Nomura gave him goggles; however, this idea was abandoned in favor of an American cowboy-like appearance to set him apart from other goggle-wearing characters in the Final Fantasy series.


Kiros


Kiros Seagill (, Kirosu Shgeru?) is one of Laguna's comrades in the Galbadian Army. He fights with Kataras () (dual blades), with which he repeatedly slices his enemies in his Limit Break, Blood Pain. His weapons' name is given as "katal" in the English localization of the game. Following the failed mission in Centra, Kiros is separated from Laguna and Ward. He heals quickly and decides to leave the Galbadian army, but soon finds that life without Laguna lacks excitement. His subsequent search for Laguna brings him to Winhill after nearly a year. When Laguna is forced to leave Winhill to find Ellone, Kiros accompanies him, helping him earn money as an amateur actor to fund the expedition. Kiros remains by Laguna's side throughout his adventures in Esthar, earning a place as Laguna's advisor when he becomes president. Like Ward, Kiros' interactions with Laguna are based on the staff's interactions during development.


Ward


Ward Zabac (, Wdo Zabakku?) is Laguna's other comrade. An imposing man, he wields a large harpoon in battle; in his Limit Break, Massive Anchor, he uses it to crush his opponents from above. During the incident at Centra, he loses his voice in a battle with Esthar soldiers. After being separated from Laguna and Kiros, he becomes a janitor at the D-District Prison. When Laguna becomes president of Esthar, Ward joins Kiros as an advisor, directing affairs with gestures and ellipses. Laguna and Kiros can understand what he is saying by his reactions. Like Kiros, Ward's interactions with Laguna are based on the staff's interactions during development.


Edea


Tetsuya Nomura emulated the style of his predecessor, Yoshitaka Amano, in his design of Edea.


Edea Kramer (, Idea Kureim?) is initially presented as a power-hungry sorceress who seizes control of Galbadia from President Deling. Her motives are unknown, but SeeD is dispatched to assassinate her. Edea is also the wife of Headmaster Cid, and was known as "Matron" to Squall and his friends during the time when they lived with her at the orphanage. It is eventually revealed that Edea was possessed by a sorceress from the future named Ultimecia. When Ultimecia's control is broken, Edea takes the side of the SeeDs in the struggle and joins the party for a short time. However, she accidentally gives her powers to Rinoa, making her a sorceress. Being a sorceress, Edea attacks with magical bursts of energy and her Limit Break, Ice Strike, consists of a magically conjured icicle, hurled like a javelin. This Limit Break is depicted in a cutscene during her coronation as head of Galbadia when Ultimecia commands Edea's body to pierce Squall with it.


Edea is one of three character concepts, along with Fujin and Raijin, to have been created before Final Fantasy VIII. Nomura had designed Edea before the development of Final Fantasy VII, based on the style of Yoshitaka Amano.


Other characters


Adel


Adel (, Aderu?) is a sorceress from Esthar who initiated the Sorceress War. As the ruler of Esthar, she ordered her soldiers to abduct every girl to find a suitable successor, including Ellone. During the Esthar revolution, Laguna and Dr. Odine placed her in suspended animation in outer space. After Edea is released from Ultimecia's control, Ultimecia commands Rinoa to free Adel so she can become Ultimecia's new vessel. The party defeats Adel when she tries to absorb Rinoa at the Lunatic Pandora.


Cid


See also: Characters named Cid in the rest of the series


Cid Kramer (, Shido Kureim?) is the headmaster of Balamb Garden. After the failed assassination attempt on Edea, the Garden Master, NORG, attempts to seize power from Cid and reconcile with Edea. This sparks an internal conflict, in which the students and personnel side with either Cid or NORG. However, Squall and Xu quell the conflict and return Cid to power. Afterward, Cid aggressively confronts NORG, who started the conflict over financial issues. Cid is the husband of Sorceress Edea, with whom he ran an orphanage and founded the SeeD organization. They are estranged for most of the game, however, because they lead opposing factions until Ultimecia releases her magical possession of Edea.


Because most Final Fantasy titles include a character named "Cid", Nomura wanted to design someone with differences from the past Cids in the series. He gave this version of Cid the appearance and personality of an older, benevolent character who would watch over Squall's party and offer them advice and motivation. Nojima decided that this type of good-natured character would work best as the headmaster of Balamb Garden.


Ellone


Ellone (, Erune?) is a mysterious girl and the missing "Sis" of Squall's past. She has the ability to send a person's consciousness back in time and into the body of another, so they can experience the actions of that person. She uses this talent to send Squall's party into Laguna's past adventures, hoping that they would alter the past; however, she eventually realizes that her abilities can only view history, not alter it. Ultimecia needs this power to achieve time compression, so she uses the Galbadian military to find her. After Ellone's parents were killed by Esthar soldiers, she lived with Raine until she was captured by Esthar. She shares a close relationship with her adoptive uncle, Laguna, who rescues her from Esthar. After Raine's death, she moves to Cid's orphanage, where she becomes an older sister figure to Squall and the other orphans, before following Cid to Balamb Garden.


Fujin


Fujin (, Fjin?) is a young woman with pale skin, short silver hair and an eye patch. She is a member of Balamb Garden's disciplinary committee with Seifer and Raijin; the three of them form a close "posse", even when Seifer leaves Garden. Fujin prefers to speak in terse sentences, often with only a single word, such as "RAGE!" and "LIES!" (in the Japanese version she only spoke in Kanji). However, near the end of the game, she explains to Squall that she will temporarily break ties with Seifer because of his recent behavior. In battle, Fujin wields a chakram and uses wind-based magic. She shares her name with the Japanese god of wind, Fjin.


Fujin and Raijin were to appear in Final Fantasy VII; however, the designers excluded them due to their similarity to the Turks. In Kingdom Hearts II, Fujin appears as "Fuu", a member of Seifer's gang. In the Japanese version, she is voiced by Rio Natsuki while in the English version, she is voiced by Jillian Bowen.


Raijin


Raijin (?) is a member of Balamb Garden's disciplinary committee with Seifer and Fujin; the three form a close "posse", as he calls it. He has a habit of ending his sentences with "ya know" (, mon'yo?, in the Japanese version). Like Fujin, he supports Seifer when he betrays SeeD and Garden to side with Edea. Near the end of the game, he stands by Fujin's plea to the party to help save Seifer from himself. In the ending FMV, he celebrates catching a large fish until Fujin kicks him into the water. In battle, Raijin uses thunder-based magic and a b staff with large weights on either end. He shares his name with the Japanese god of thunder, Raijin.


Raijin and Fujin were to appear in Final Fantasy VII; however, the designers decided against it due to their similarity to the Turks. In Kingdom Hearts II, Raijin appears as "Rai", a member of Seifer's gang. In the English version, he is voiced by Brandon Adams.


Ultimecia


Ultimecia (, Arutimishia?) is the primary antagonist of Final Fantasy VIII. Because she operates through the body of Edea Kramer, her role is not discovered until late in the game. While possessing Edea, Ultimecia gains control of Galbadia and later possesses Rinoa to release Sorceress Adel from her orbital prison. A sorceress from the future, Ultimecia is capable of reaching back through time via a special machine to possess other sorceresses. She seeks to achieve "Time Compression", which would cause all eras to merge; this would extinguish all life but hers. Squall and his comrades use the moment during time compression to travel to her time and defeat her, initiating a sequence of events that would lead to the formation of SeeD.


Ultimecia is the villainess representing Final Fantasy VIII in Dissidia: Final Fantasy, where she is voiced by Atsuko Tanaka (Japanese) and Tasia Valenza (English).


Minor characters


Biggs and Wedge


See also: Characters named Biggs and Wedge in the rest of the series


Biggs and Wedge are members of the Galbadian Army. Biggs is an officer and Wedge is an enlisted soldier. After the main characters defeat the duo at Dollet, they are demoted in rank. The protagonists encounter them again at the D-District Prison. A third meeting at the Lunatic Pandora does not result in conflict; instead, they quit the Galbadian army. They continue the Final Fantasy tradition of including two characters with the same names as Star Wars pilots Biggs Darklighter and Wedge Antilles.


General Caraway


General Fury Caraway is a member of the Galbadian military who advises the main characters on their mission to assassinate Sorceress Edea. When Laguna left Galbadia, Caraway comforted Julia; eventually, they married and had a child, Rinoa. Caraway and Rinoa have a problematic relationship; he attempts to prevent her from participating in the assassination attempt. However, he later arranges her freedom from the D-District Prison.


Deling


Vinzer Deling is the President of Galbadia. He appoints Sorceress Edea as a supposed "peace ambassador" to resolve Galbadia's political problems with other nations. His body double is defeated by SeeD and the Forest Owls resistance group. Edea kills him during her welcoming ceremony at Deling City and seizes power in Galbadia.


Mayor Dobe and Flo


Mayor Dobe is the leader of Fishermans Horizon, a town in the middle of a transoceanic highway between the continents of Galbadia and Esthar. He and his wife, Flo, detest violence and oppose the Garden's presence in his territory. Squall and his party save the Mayor from certain death when the Galbadian army invades the town.


Forest Owls


The Forest Owls are a small resistance faction that oppose the Galbadian occupation of Timber, a town in the eastern part of the continent. A man named Zone is the leader, and Rinoa and Watts are members. Most people of Timber are affiliated with a resistance group, although the Forest Owls are the only active ones.


Julia


Julia Heartilly (, Juria Htir?) is a pianist at a Galbadian hotel frequented by Laguna during his days as a soldier. After being secretly admired by Laguna for some time, Julia introduces herself, as depicted in one of the flashback sequences. Julia reveals to Laguna her dream of writing her own songs and becoming a singer. Laguna is shipped out on new orders the following day and the ensuing circumstances prevent him from returning. Julia eventually marries Galbadian military officer General Caraway and has a daughter, Rinoa. She also finds success with her song "Eyes On Me", which is also the game's theme song. She is killed several years before the start of the game in a car accident. Julia is the only character in the game with an explicit character theme, named "Julia", which is a piano arrangement of Eyes On Me.


Raine


Raine (, Rein?), later Raine Loire (, Rein Rewru?), is Laguna's second love depicted in the flashbacks. She finds him injured at the bottom of a cliff and brings him to her hometown of Winhill to recover. She is irked at first by Laguna's bad habits and reluctance to express himself outright, but the two grow close and marry. After Laguna becomes President of Esthar, his duties thwart his efforts to return to Winhill. Raine dies after giving birth to a child, who, along with Ellone, is taken away to Edea's orphanage. It is strongly implied by Ward and Kiros, as well as by gaming writers and fans, that Squall is their child.


Martine


Martine is the head of Galbadia Garden. His superior, Balamb Garden's master NORG, orders him to use SeeD members to carry out the assassination plot against Sorceress Edea. When Squall and his team travel to Galbadia Garden after fleeing Timber, Martine orders them to carry out the mission. He hopes that using Balamb Garden's SeeDs would deflect responsibility for the plot onto NORG. His actions trigger the conflict within Balamb Garden when Garden Master NORG tries to kill Headmaster Cid to appease Sorceress Edea after the mission fails. Afterward, the Galbadian military seizes Galbadia Garden and Martine flees to the pacifist city of Fishermans Horizon.


NORG


NORG is an exiled Shumi who lent Cid the money to build and develop the Garden and took the position of Garden Master upon its completion. NORG is more concerned about the revenue acquired by SeeD as a mercenary organization rather than its noble duty of opposing the Sorceress; he is considered a "black sheep" of the Shumi tribe. After hearing about a failed assassination attempt on Sorceress Edea, NORG begins to distrust Headmaster Cid and tries to seize control of Balamb Garden, causing a conflict between factions loyal to NORG and Cid. Feigning loyalty to the Sorceress, he attempts to kill the SeeDs who carried out the failed assassination. After he is defeated in battle, he enters a cocoon-like state. Shumis from the Shumi village later appear at the site of his defeat. They appear to have removed him from his cocoon by cracking it open. They also apologize for NORG's behaviour.


Dr. Odine


Dr. Odine is a scientist and magic researcher from Esthar. He discovered the GFs and junctioning and engineered a machine that mimics Ellone's power. Seventeen years before the game, he developed the necessary technology to allow Laguna to entomb Adel. As a researcher of the Lunatic Pandora, he also helps to prevent it from reaching Tears' Point and initiating a Lunar Cry. Odine also plays a role in the plot to destroy Ultimecia, explaining how to survive time compression.


Minor SeeD members


Several other SeeD members assist Squall's party. Dr. Kadowaki is the Balamb Garden doctor who tends to Squall's wounds after his fight with Seifer in the opening sequence. She also helps Headmaster Cid after his confrontation with NORG. Nida is a student at Balamb Garden who passes the SeeD exam along with Squall. He pilots Balamb Garden after it becomes a mobile base. Lastly, Xu is a high ranking SeeD who helps Squall during the Dollet mission and the Garden civil war between NORG and Cid. She is friends with Quistis and a member of Squall's staff once he becomes the leader of Balamb Garden.


Merchandise


The characters of Final Fantasy VIII have spawned action figures, jewellery and other goods in their likeness. In 1999, action figure lineups were distributed in Japan by Bandai, Kotobukiya, Banpresto, and Coca-Cola. Bandai also released them to Europe and Australasia the same year. In 2004, action figures of Squall, Rinoa and Selphie were distributed in North America by Diamond Comics. Posters of individual characters or a collage of characters are available on many fan websites, including Final Fantasy Spirit. Other products available include mouse pads, keychains, and pens depicting individual characters or sets of characters.


Reception


The characters of Final Fantasy VIII have received praise by reviewers. The Gaming Age reviewer was originally concerned with the shift to consistently realistically proportioned characters, but he ultimately found them more appealing. Moreover, the review stated that the character designs and graphical quality allowed the characters to "convey emotions much more dramatically". Game Revolution cited similar praise, agreeing that the change "really makes the graphics impressive". IGN commented that the "low-polygon characters of Final Fantasy VII are gone, replaced with sometimes surprisingly realistic high-polygon models that only look better the closer they get". GameSpot agreed with the transition, claiming that "involving, personal, and emotional stories are far more believable when they come from, well, people, not short, bizarrely shaped cartoon characters".


The cast itself has received criticism from reviews. IGN criticized the manner in which romantic interactions play out, stating that "considering that the love story is so integral to everything that happensot to mention forming the central image of the box artt's incomprehensible why no one says 'I love you' to anyone, ever." With Squall, IGN felt that "FFVIII does break one cardinal rule: when your story is character centered, you'd better center it on a character the audience can care about. Squall, unfortunately, just doesn't fit the bill". However, GameSpot felt that Final Fantasy VIII shifts the story from the "epic" concepts of Final Fantasy VII to the "personal", in that "the characters and their relationships are all extremely believable and complex; moreover, the core romance holds up even under the most pessimistic scrutiny". Although the reviewer at Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine acknowledged possible fears over a romantic storyline, he stated that "it's only later in the game, once you are really attached to all the distinct and complex characters, that the more emotional themes are gradually introduced".


See also


Book:Final Fantasy VIII


Books are collections of articles which can be downloaded or ordered in print.


References


^ Sato, Yukiyoshi Ike (1999). "FFVIII Sells Six Million Copies Worldwide". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/ps/rpg/finalfantasy8/news.html?sid=2440392. Retrieved 2006-03-16. 


^ IGN staff (1999). "FF8 Breaks Sales Records". IGN.com. http://psx.ign.com/articles/073/073032p1.html. Retrieved 2006-03-16. 


^ "Titles of game software with worldwide shipments exceeding 1 million copies". Square Enix. pp. 27. http://www.square-enix.com/jp/ir/e/explanatory/download/0404-200402090000-01.pdf#page=27. Retrieved 2008-03-01. 


^ Campbell, Colin (2006). "Japan Votes on All Time Top 100". Next Generation. http://www.next-gen.biz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2401&Itemid=2. Retrieved 2006-03-11. 


^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Square Electronic Arts, ed (1999). Final Fantasy VIII North American instruction manual. Square Electronic Arts. pp. 69. SLUS-00892GH. 


^ "Final Fantasy VIII at Metacritic". Metacritic. 1999. http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/psx/finalfantasy8. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ Square-Enix North America Site Staff (2001). "Behind The Game The Creators". Square-Enix North America. http://www.square-enix-usa.com/games/FFX/btg/creators.html#1. Retrieved 2006-04-12. 


^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Khosla, Sheila (2003). "Tetsuya Nomura 20s". FLAREgamer. http://flaregamer.com/b2article.php?p=81&more=1. Retrieved 2006-04-13. 


^ a b c Staff (5 June 1998). " VIII [Interview with Final Fantasy VIII]" (in Japanese). Famitsu Weekly. http://members.tripod.com/PlayStationJapan/ff8iview2.html. Retrieved 2006-07-15. 


^ Shumi Tribe A small tribe living in the northern region. Basically gentle in temperament, they maintain a relaxed lifestyle. Shumis have big, long arms that change as they grow. The results vary depending on their environment. Square Co.. Final Fantasy VIII. (Square EA). PlayStation. (1999-09-09)


^ Sculptor: "You don't know? Excluding the ones qualified to become Elders, all Shumis evolve at a certain stage of our lives. We become what is in our hearts." "Often, those who fail to become honorable Elders turn into Moombas. The passionate ingenuity in their hearts gives rise to the red hair." Square Co.. Final Fantasy VIII. (Square EA). PlayStation. (1999-09-09)


^ Elder: "He told me that he felt sorry for the Moombas because they don't know any words. He said that words are useful and precious." Square Co.. Final Fantasy VIII. (Square EA). PlayStation. (1999-09-09)


^ a b Square Electronic Arts, ed (1999). Final Fantasy VIII North American instruction manual. Square Electronic Arts. pp. 3840. SLUS-00892GH. 


^ IGN site staff (1999). "FFVIII PocketStation Opens Up Chocobo World". IGN. http://psx.ign.com/articles/068/068855p1.html. Retrieved August 10, 2006. 


^ "Final Fantasy VIII Original Soundtrack". Square Enix Music Online. http://www.squareenixmusic.com/reviews/chris/ff8.html. Retrieved 2007-03-30. 


^ Laguna: "The only ones still left in town are old people, children, chocobos, dogs, and cats." Square Co.. Final Fantasy VIII. (Square EA). PlayStation. (1999-09-09)


^ Cassady, David (1999). Official FINAL FANTASY VIII Strategy Guide. Brady Publishing. pp. 197238. ISBN 1-56686-903-X. 


^ a b c d e f Lundigran, Jeff (1999). "IGN: Final Fantasy VIII Review". IGN. http://psx.ign.com/articles/153/153847p1.html. Retrieved 2006-07-12. 


^ Squall: "I was always waiting for 'Sis' to come back." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b Squall: "Elle...Ellone. So, Ellone was 'Sis'. She was a bit older than us, and we all used to call her 'Sis'. Quistis, Zell, Selphie, Irvine, Seifer, Ellone and myself... Yeah... I'm not sure what the meaning behind all this is, but we were definitely together. (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Studio BentStuff, ed (1999) (in Japanese). Final Fantasy VIII Ultimania. DigiCube/Square-Enix. p. 43. ISBN 4-925075-49-7. 


^ a b c d e f Square Electronic Arts, ed (1999). Final Fantasy VIII North American instruction manual. Square Electronic Arts. p. 21. SLUS-00892GH. 


^ "Final Fantasy VIII Characters - Rinoa". SquareEnix.com. http://na.square-enix.com/games/ff8/rinoa.html. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ a b c Liu, Johnny (1999). "Game Revolution Review Page - Final Fantasy VIII". Game Revolution. http://www.gamerevolution.com/oldsite/games/sony/rpg/final_fantasy_8.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ "Rinoa Heartilly of Final Fantasy V". WomenGamers.com. http://www.womengamers.com/articles/digital-women/rinoa-heartilly-ffv/. Retrieved 2008-10-22. 


^ Squall: "(I had a dream, too. It wasn't nice though... I dreamt I was a moron...)" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Squall: "You were a silly Galbadian soldier. I didn't like your attitude at all." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ "Final Fantasy VIII Characters - Laguna". SquareEnix.com. http://na.square-enix.com/games/ff8/laguna.html. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ Kiros: "Don't tell me we're lost again." / Laguna: "Anyway... We're goin' home. Deling City, here we come!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Ward: "So, Laguna... Julia should be making her appearance soon. You goin' for it tonight?" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Laguna: "I was bed-ridden for over 6 months. It seemed like every bone in my body was in pieces." / Raine: "I nursed him back to health." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Laguna: "A fierce debate ensued about who should govern this country after Adel was gone. I wasn't paying close attention while they made me up to be this hero of the revolution, and I ended up being president." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b c d Laguna: "...Ellone was raised by Raine who lived next door. And I came to know her. Then there was another massive hunt for a successor in Esthar again. Elle was taken away..." "...so I rescued her and sent her off to Winhill. Shortly after that, Raine died. And Ellone was sent straight to an orphanage..." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Laguna: "My job kept me busy. I was left here thinking about this and that and before I knew it, all this time had passed." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Laguna: "Ellone followed me out to space. Little Elle was all grown up... Then she told me everything." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Sharkey, Scott (November 2008). "EGM's Top Ten Videogame Politicians: Election time puts us in a voting mood". Electronic Gaming Monthly (234): 97. 


^ Rinoa: "I don't really know. I... I think it was love. I wonder how [Seifer] felt...? ...It was last summer... I was 16." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b c Raijin: "Seifer has a lot of followers, but we're his only friends... We're a posse, ya know...? The Galbadian soldiers are only listening to Seifer 'cause they fear the sorceress. Without us, Seifer wouldn't have a posse, ya know...?" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ "Final Fantasy VIII Characters - Seifer". SquareEnix.com. http://na.square-enix.com/games/ff8/seifer.html. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ Seifer: "NAH-NA-NA-NA-NA-NAH!!!" / Boy Zell: "Stop teasing me, Seifer!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Quistis: "Yes! That's right! Seifer was a kid who always needed to be the center of attention. But Squall always used to ignore him... But eventually they would end up fighting." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b Headmaster Cid: "Seifer. You will be disciplined for your irresponsible behavior. You must follow orders exactly during combat. But I'm not entirely without sympathy for you." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Seifer: "I was hoping you'd be there, Squall. So... how'd I look in my moment of triumph? My childhood dream, fulfilled. I've become the sorceress' knight." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Seifer: "What did you say!? Passed out cold, eh? This is the scene where you swear your undying hatred for me! The tale of the evil mercenary vs. the sorceress' knight... The fun's just started, Squall. Don't disappoint me now!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b c Fujin: "You're being manipulated, Seifer. You've lost yourself and your dream. You're just eating out of someone's hand. We want the old you back! Since we can't get through to you, all we have now to rely on is Squall!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Gouskos, Carrie (2006-03-28). "Kingdom Hearts II for PlayStation 2 Review". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/rpg/kingdomhearts2/review.html. Retrieved 2006-12-15. 


^ a b c d "Kingdom Hearts II (2005) - Full cast and crew". Internet Movie Database, Inc. http://imdb.com/title/tt0390163/fullcredits#cast. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ "Final Fantasy VIII Characters - Quistis". SquareEnix.com. http://na.square-enix.com/games/ff8/quistis.html. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ Quistis: "They told me that I failed as an instructor. Basically, that I lacked leadership qualities." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Rinoa: So Quistis attended classes here


^ Quistis: "I... remember. Yes, I remember now. Things didn't work out too well at my new home. So I came to Garden at the age of 10. That was when I was first noticed Seifer and Squall. Seifer and Squall were always fighting." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Quistis: I was a SeeD by the age of 15, got my instructor license at 17."


^ Squall: "It's after midnight." / Quistis: "Oh well... I, Quistis Trepe, am no longer an instructor as of now! I'm a member of SeeD now, just like you. Who knows, maybe we'll end up working together." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Quistis: "I couldn't stop thinking about Squall. I thought it was... love. I had to hide my feelings because I was an instructor, but I've come to realize it wasn't. It was my childhood feelings as a big sister that lingered... Oh well..." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Quistis: "Oh! Stop that! What are you talking about!? Why did you go all the way out into space to save Rinoa!? To hand her over to Esthar!? So that you might never see her again!? No, right!? Wasn't it because you wanted to be with Rinoa? You're a fool." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Girl: "I know! I know! It's the Garden Festival! It's going to be great! I'm planning to be on the committee. You wanna help out, too!?" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ "Final Fantasy VIII Characters - Selphie". SquareEnix.com. http://na.square-enix.com/games/ff8/selphie.html. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ Selphie: "It just kinda took off! I don't know. It's pretty easy. I think it'll be fine. But there's no guarantee it won't crash!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Girl: "Are you... Squad B? Wait a minute... You're the guy who showed me around, right!? Thanks! I don't get so lost anymore. Oh yeah, I haven't told you my name yet. I'm... a messenger. Name's Selphie, from Squad A." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Selphie: "I'm on the missile base infiltration team! I have to be! They launched missiles at MY Trabia!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b Irvine: "I really liked this girl, and it made me so happy just talking to her." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ ""Kingdom Hearts (at Square-Enix.com)". 2002. http://na.square-enix.com/games/kingdomhearts/index1.html. Retrieved 2006-08-03. 


^ "Final Fantasy VIII Characters - Zell". SquareEnix.com. http://na.square-enix.com/games/ff8/zell.html. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ Squall: "...I don't know about that. Perhaps anyone but the Chicken-wuss can make it." / Zell: "WHAT DID YOU SAYYYYY!!!?" / Selphie: "...Hm? Since you're so angry, I guess you're the Chicken-wuss." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Zell: "I don't care if I forget about my childhood, when Seifer used to pick on me. What's important to me now is having the power to protect my parents in Balamb. They adopted me. There's no way I'm lettin' go of that power!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ BradyGAMES Staff, ed (1999). Final Fantasy VIII Official Strategy Guide. BradyGAMES Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 1-56686-903-X. 


^ Zell: "Seifer... My archenemy..." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Martine: "Don't worry about it. Let me introduce an elite sharpshooter from Galbadia Garden. Kinneas! Irvine Kinneas!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b "Final Fantasy VIII Characters - Irvine". SquareEnix.com. http://na.square-enix.com/games/ff8/irvine.html. Retrieved 2007-03-15. 


^ Irvine: "Call me Irvine. I'm a pretty lucky guy. Hand in hand with two beautiful girls!" / Selphie: "Irvy Kinnepooo! I'll make you happy!" / Squall: (Did I say something terrible? Women... I don't understand women.) (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Irvine: "No one understands me... Sharpshooters are loners by nature... We hone our instincts, pour our whole being into a single bullet. The pressure of the moment... An instant of tension... That's what... I have to face alone... ...It's not easy. So like... Just do me a favor, and let me be! You get my drift?" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b Irvine: "I... I can't... I'm sorry, I can't do it. I always choke like this... I try to act all cool, joke around, but I just can't handle the pressure..." / Squall: "Forget it. Just shoot." / Irvine: "My bullet... The sorceress... I'll go down in history. I'd change the history of Galbadia... Of the world! It's all too much..." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Squall: "...Why is it that we forgot? We grew up together as kids... How's that possible...?" / Irvine: "How about this? ...The price we pay for using the GF. The GF provides us its power. But the GF makes its own place inside our brain..." / Quistis: "So you're saying that the area is where our memories are stored? No...! That's just a rumor the GF critics are spreading." / Zell: "So if we keep relying on the GF, we won't be able to remember a lot of things?" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Irvine: "Then how is it that I remember, while everyone else has forgotten? Well...? In my case, I hadn't junctioned a GF until recently. That's why I remember a lot more than you guys." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Irvine: "Selphie... We're destined to be together!" / Selphie: "Y-Yeah right...!" / Irvine: "A sigh of love?"


^ Kiros: "Thank you, for taking care of Laguna. I was able to recover in about a month or so. Ever since then... I've been searching for you." / Laguna: "Why?" / Kiros: "After leaving the army... Well, just killing time I guess. Life's pretty boring without you as entertainment, my man." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Laguna: "Why the heck do I have to do this!?" / Kiros: "'Cause we have no money." / Ward: "......" / Laguna: "Alright, I'm sorry!!! Yeah, so it's kinda my fault that we stayed at the hotel so often. But heck, I'm not cut out to be an actor!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b Kiros: "Oh, and he never got his voice back. You could basically tell what he wants from his facial expressions." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b Edea: "...Lowlifes. ...Shameless filthy wretches. How you celebrate my ascension with such joy. Hailing the very one you have condemned for generations. Have you no shame? What happened to the evil, ruthless sorceress from your fantasies? The cold-blooded tyrant that slaughtered countless men and destroyed many nations? Where is she now? She stands before your very eyes to become your new ruler." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Laguna: "The owners of the orphanage were Cid Kramer and his wife Edea." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Irvine: "Look alike? Nah, that's not it. Matron's name is Edea Kramer. Matron IS Sorceress Edea." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Edea: "You are SeeDs. You cannot back out of a battle, I know. You were magnificent. However, it is not over yet. At anytime, I may... ...I have been possessed all this time. I was at the mercy of Sorceress Ultimecia." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Squall: (Ultimecia!? The future sorceress is inside Rinoa!? ...Transferred from Edea? Where's Rinoa!!!?" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Narrative: Adel was careless. She may be a sorceress, but after all, she was human. We succeeded... But... we couldn't keep such a dangerous sorceress around as a trophy. We had to do something... So... we decided to send her far, far away... Some place very far... Into outer space..." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Piet: "If that's the case, we definitely have to stop her. If she plans to free Adel, she'll have to go out there. The Level 2 Seal is located on Adel's Tomb." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b c NORG: "Bujurururu! OFFER-THE-SeeD's-HEAD-ON-A-SILVER-PLATTER- AND-PRETEND-WE-OBEY-THE-SORCERESS!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Raijin: "I dunno. At first, they were sayin' somethin' 'bout roundin' up the SeeDs, ya know!? Now, everyone's either sidin' with the Garden Master or the headmaster and fightin' everywhere, ya know!?" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Headmaster Cid: "Dammit! I should've never trusted you! I wish I could go back ten or so years. To tell myself that you're nothing but a money grubbing son-of-a-bitch! Then I would've never built this place." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Ellone: "You can't change the past. I just found that out. When I was kidnapped, Uncle Laguna went on a journey to find me... But because he did, Uncle Laguna wasn't able to be by Raine's side when she died. Raine wanted to show Laguna her new born baby... Raine kept calling out for Laguna. So no matter what, I wanted Laguna to stay in the village... But it didn't work. I can no longer make it back to that moment... And also... I can only send you inside someone I've met before." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Edea: "Ultimecia's objective is to find Ellone." / Edea: "Ellone's mysterious power... Sending one's consciousness back into the past." / Zell: "So, Ultimecia wants to use Ellone's power, right?" / Irvine: "I get it. Ultimecia wants to send her consciousness from this period further into the past." / Zell: "What's she going to do in the past?" / Edea: "Time compression." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Squall: (Fujin and Raijin tagging along as usual... Guess that makes up the whole disciplinary committee.) (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b Doc Odine: "It may only be a toy right now, but in ze time of Ultimecia, it iz an impressive working machine! Which means there iz a machine which imitates Ellone's power. It iz I who made ze first model of zat machine. I named ze machine 'Junction Machine Ellone'! It iz a vonderful thing to know that my invention is used in ze future!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b c Doc Odine: "There iz only one way to defeat Ultimecia. You must kill her in ze future. / ... / Ultimecia probably needs to go back further in time to achieve time compression. Only Ellone can take her back further into ze past. / ... / You will keep moving through ze time compression toward ze future. Once you're out of ze time compression, zat will be Ultimecia's world. It's all up to you after zat." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Rinoa: "She's trying to achieve time compression. She's the only one who would be able to exist in such a world." Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Edea: "You called me Matron. Who... are you?" / Squall: "A SeeD. A SeeD from Balamb Garden." / Edea: "SeeD? Garden?" / Squall: "Both Garden and SeeD were your ideas. SeeDs are trained to defeat the sorceress." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Guy: "T-These are the prisoners, Lieutenant Biggs, Private Wedge." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Biggs: "I was demoted because of you! I'm only lieutenant now!" (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Biggs: "Why the heck do I have to take orders from some kid?" / Wedge: "Well, he is our superior..." / Biggs: "Don't you think I know that!? I chose the wrong career. Being ordered around by some punk..." / Wedge: "Ha ha ha! That's pretty funny. Then why don't you quit and find another career, sir?" / Biggs: "...Hmmmm..." / Wedge: "Ha ha ha! Just kidding, sir." / Biggs: "You're right!!! You're absolutely right! I QUIT!!!" / Wedge: "Uhh..." / Biggs: "Wedge, let's go home and have a drink." / Wedge: "Oh... What!? Me, too?" / Biggs: "Of course. Now, come on." / Wedge: "But, but..." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Studio BentStuff, ed (1999) (in Japanese). Final Fantasy VIII Ultimania. Square-Enix. p. 37. ISBN 4-925075-49-7. 


^ a b Kiros: "Heard she recently got married." / Raine: "Oh yeah! To some army general, right? General Caraway or something?" / Kiros: "I'm not too sure." / Raine: "I read in a magazine that her true love went off to war and never came back. General Caraway comforted her while she was feeling down. That's how they got to know each other." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Squall: "Where's Rinoa?" / General Caraway: "She has not received the type of training you all have, and may become a burden. It's for the best that she stays out of this operation." / Selphie: "So you're Rinoa's father?" / General Caraway: "I can't remember the last time she called me that." / Zell: "So the father's a top military officer, and the daughter's a member of an anti-government faction!? That's bad... Really BAD!" / General Caraway: "Yes, indeed. It's a serious problem. But it doesn't concern you. It's our problem." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ President Deling: "Unfortunately, there are some trifling problems standing between Galbadia and other nations, and they must be resolved. I plan to convene with other nations' leaders immediately to resolve these problems. At this time, allow me to introduce the ambassador who will be my representative for the conference." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ President Deling: "...I'm not the president. I'm what they call... a body double." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Mayor Dobe: "We don't want military organizations in FH. You rely on force to solve problems. That is in direct defiance of our principles." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Rinoa: "She's the leader of the 'Forest Fox'. Almost everyone's a resistance member in this town. But right now, we're the only ones that are really active." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Julia: "Did I interrupt anything?" / Laguna: "N-N-N-Not at all. P-Please, s-sit down." (Oh man, oh man, it's really HER! What do I do!? Kiros? Ward? HELP! What do I say!? But man, she is pretty...) (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Raine: "Then the first song she released was 'Eyes On Me'?" / Laguna: "H-How does the song go?" / Raine: "You don't know?" / Laguna: "Well, you never let me hear it!" / Raine: "I didn't think you listened to music. The song's about being in love... I really like it." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ "Eyes On Me" Julia Heartilly's song. Julia married the Galbadian General Caraway after releasing "Eyes On Me". Gave birth to a girl one year later. Julia died in a car crash at age 28, right before her daughter turned 5. (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Raine: "A guy like that? He was carried in here crying like a baby, and I was the one who had to take care of him... His crude way of speaking... I don't know if his aspirations as a journalist are going to come true... Every time I try to have a serious converation, he avoids it... I can't stand his snoring and he talks in his sleep..." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Kiros: "You look at lot like your mother, lucky you don't look much like your father." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ Maciel, Joshua. "Rebuttal to FF8 FAQ Part 2". RPGamer.com. http://www.rpgamer.com/editor/2000/q1/022500jmb.html. Retrieved 2007-03-21. 


^ NORG: "Bujurururu! THAT-SLY-WEASEL-MARTINE-USED-YOU-AS-A-LAST-RESORT- FOR-THE-ASSASSINATION. HE-GAVE-THAT-ORDER-TO-PLACE-THE-BLAME-ON-ME! THAT-THAT-BASTARD." (Final Fantasy VIII)


^ a b Headmaster Cid: "He is from the Shumi tribe. A black sheep of the tribe, one might say. We met while I was running around trying to find funds to build the Garden. He became interested in building the Garden, and we hit it off. Thanks to his funding, it was completed. However, we needed an enormous amount of funds to run the Garden. So we began dispatching SeeDs around the world as a means of supporting the Garden. NORG's idea was right on the money. An enormous amount of capital began flowing into the Garden. And the Garden began to change. Lost sight of our high ideals, the truth w...

Nintendo DS Lite

China Suppliers


Features


Capable of receiving Wi-Fi signals from other Nintendo DS Lite systems, the original Nintendo DS, Nintendo Wii systems, and Wi-Fi access points. WEP encrypted and unencrypted networks are supported. WPA encryption is not supported.


Technical specifications
nike track suit


Size: 73.9 millimeters (2.9 inches) tall, 133 millimeters (5.2 inches) broad, 21.5 millimeters (0.85 inches) wide.
custom shirt maker


Top Screen: A backlit, 3-inch, transmissive TFT color LCD with 256x192-pixel resolution and .24mm dot pitch, capable of displaying a total of 262,144 colors.


Touch Screen: Same specifications as top screen, but with a transparent analog touch screen.


Wireless Communication: IEEE 802.11b; wireless range is 30 to 100 feet; multiple users can play certain multiplayer games with one DS game card using DS Download Play.


Controls: Touch screen, embedded microphone for voice recognition, A/B/X/Y face buttons, directional control pad, L/R shoulder pads, Start and Select dimples, and Power slider. The stylus is 1 cm longer and 2 mm thicker than the stylus of the original Nintendo DS.


Input/Output: Ports for both Nintendo DS game cards and Game Boy Advance game packs, terminals for stereo headphones and a microphone. A removable cover for the Game Boy Advance game pack slot provides added protection from dust and other foreign materials.


Other Features: Embedded PictoChat software that allows up to 16 users within local range of one another to chat at once; embedded real-time clock; date, time and alarm; touch-screen calibration.


CPUs: One ARM9 and one ARM7.


Sound: Stereo speakers providing virtual surround sound, depending on the software.


Battery: Lithium ion battery delivering from 15 to 19 hours of play on a three-hour charge; power-saving sleep mode; AC adapter.


Languages: English, Japanese, Spanish, French, German, Italian.


Repair parts: L-R switches: NKK type SKRTLA available from Mouser and others


DS Lite vs. original DS


Weight: 218 g/7.69 oz (21% lighter than the DS)


Dimensions: 133 mm 73.9 mm 21.87 mm (vs. 148.7 mm 84.7 mm 28.9 mm (42% less volume than the DS) In imperial units, the DS Lite is 5.24 in. 2.9 in. 0.85 in.


Extended battery life. The battery lasts 15 to 19 hours on the lowest brightness setting as compared to 10 to 14 hours. After 500 charges, battery life drops about 25 percent. The DS was supplied with a 850 mAh battery, while the DS Lite has a 1000mAh battery.


Brighter top and touch screens, with 4 brightness levels, previously backlight on/off. Designed to be more resistant to shock. The option of turning the backlight off in the main menu has been removed.


Larger and more substantial stylus, making it easier to hold (stylus dimensions: length 87.5 mm 4.9 mm vs. 75.0 mm 4.0 mm of the DS). The stylus is now also side-loaded and located next to the power switch, making it easier to reach for right-handed people when needed, but inconvenient for left-handed people.


In Japan, the wrist strap no longer includes a thumb stylus; in North America, Australia and Europe, the wrist strap is no longer included at all, though there is still a place to attach it.


The D-pad was reduced to 18.6 mm across (16% smaller than the DS), but the A, B, X, and Y buttons retain the same dimensions. There are lines on the D-pad, a design shared with the Wii Remote and Game Boy Micro.


The Start and Select buttons are relocated beneath the A, B, X, and Y buttons, and are smaller than the original buttons.


Twelve colors: Ice Blue, Enamel Navy, Polar White (Crystal White in Japan), Coral Pink (Noble Pink in Japan), Onyx (Jet Black in Japan), Metallic Rose, Gloss Silver, Crimson/Black, Cobalt/Black, Turquoise, Red, and Lime Green (see Colors below).


Different external extension connection, rendering it incompatible to accessories for the Game Boy Advance EXT2 port (AC adapters and headphone adapters). The new connector is used for the AC adapter only.


The power button, originally located above the D-pad, is now a power slider and is relocated to the right side of the device.


The power and charging indicator lights are now located on the right hinge, as opposed to being below the bottom screen in the original model.


The smaller redesign of the system has caused Game Boy Advance games to protrude out of the system by 1 cm. In addition, to provide a seamless surface and to prevent dirt and dust from collecting, a filler cartridge is included.


The processors are the same as the DS, but made on a smaller custom process so they require much less power.


The built-in microphone, originally located below the bottom screen, is now located directly on the hinge between the dual screens.


Larger model


A larger model of the DS Lite was an unreleased alternative to the DS Lite. It was ready for mass production but Nintendo decided against its release as sales of the DS Lite were still very strong. Instead Nintendo prepared the DSi and released an "XL" version of that console a year later.


This DS Lite featured an increased screen size of 3.8 inch (slightly smaller than the DSi XL's 4.2 inch screens) and lacked the wide viewing angle of the DSi XL.


Colors and limited editions


Colors


Nintendo revealed the color schemes of the Nintendo DS Lite set for launch in Japan: Crystal White, Ice Blue, and Enamel Navy; however, due to manufacturing problems only the Crystal White was available at its launch; the other two colors arrived on March 11, 2006. Nintendo released a Noble Pink version in the region on July 20, 2006, and a Jet Black version on September 2, 2006. On May 30, 2007, Nintendo announced two new colors for Japan: Metallic Rose and Gloss Silver, which were launched on June 23, 2007. These new colors have also been launched in South Korea on July 7, 2007.


In Australia, the DS Lite was also only available in white (Polar White) at launch. On September 21, 2006, the Jet Black (Onyx) color was released. On October 16, 2006, Nintendo of Australia announced that the Coral Pink color (renamed Pink Nintendo DS Lite) would be released on November 2, 2006, alongside Nintendogs: Dalmatian & Friends. On May 22, 2007, Nintendo of Australia stated that the Ice Blue color would be released in the region for a limited amount of time, starting on July 19, 2007. On May 30, 2008, Nintendo Australia announced two more colors available for a limited time only; the Blue/Black and Red/Black combinations will be available starting from June 19, 2008. Also, a Rose Metal version was released on the April 23, 2009.


In North America, the Nintendo DS Lite was only available in white (renamed "Polar White" for the region) at launch. On August 24, 2006, Nintendo of America announced two new model colors, Onyx (Jet Black) and Coral Pink (Noble Pink). They were released in North America on September 12, 2006. On August 21, 2007, a Crimson/Black DS Lite was released in a bundle with Brain Age 2: More Training in Minutes a Day!. Nintendo confirmed this bundle after it was listed by Canadian retail outlet Future Shop. The listing was picked up and featured on many major online gaming websites such as IGN. As of October 2, 2007, the Crimson/Black DS Lite is available for purchase individually. The Crimson/Black DS Lite was supposedly discontinued only a few months after its release in January 2008. However, as of December 25, 2008, the Crimson/Black DS Lite is still available individually at most retailers. On February 2, 2008, Nintendo of America announced that the Cobalt/Black DS Lite would be released on February 10, 2008 in North America. In June 2008, the Metallic Rose DS Lite was released in North America. On September 7, 2008, the Metallic Silver DS Lite was released in North America. As of February 10 though both original colors will not be made, the white was replaced by the silver in September and Nintendo will no longer make Onyx DS Lite.


In Europe, in addition to the white version, a black version (named "Smart Black") was available at launch, a color unique to the region at the time. On October 27, 2006, the Coral Pink (Noble Pink) edition was released in Europe. On October 12, 2007, a silver (Platinum) DS Lite was released in Europe. On June 13, 2008, three new colors, red, green and turquoise were released in Europe.


On November 25, 2008, Nintendo confirmed that the Ice Blue color would be available on November 28 for Black Friday. It is bundled with Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day! and a custom carrying case. It will be bundled only for a limited time.


Limited editions


Final Fantasy III edition: Announced on July 12, 2006, and released in conjunction with the Final Fantasy III remake in Japan. These featured a Crystal White Nintendo DS Lite, with Final Fantasy III artwork by Akihiko Yoshida. It is priced at 22,780 (US$193.76).


Pokmon DAISUKI Club edition: On July 13, 2006, it was revealed that, in conjunction with the promotion for Pokmon Diamond and Pearl, a limited run of special Nintendo DS Lites would be available through a drawing open to members of the Japanese "Pokmon DAISUKI Club". These featured Crystal White Nintendo DS Lites with the popular Pokmon character Pikachu artwork on the front.


Pokmon Dialga and Palkia edition: An onyx DS Lite featuring a glitter design of the two legendary Pokmon from Pokmon Diamond and Pearl, Dialga and Palkia, on the front, was released in Pokmon Center stores on September 28, 2006, retailing for JPY16,800. This DS Lite launched in the U.S. at the Nintendo World Store in New York City at a price of US$219.99[citation needed] in conjunction with the release of Pokmon Diamond and Pearl. On May 15, 2007[citation needed], Pokmon Center stores released the special edition DS Lite in a bundle that included both games, a scenario guide, and three pins featuring Dialga, Palkia, and one of the starters for US$329.95. This version of the DS Lite was the power poll prize in v217 of Nintendo Power.[citation needed] On August 17, 2008, this limited edition DS Lite was released as part of the "Nintendo DS Limited Edition Pokmon Pack".


Giratina Origin Forme Nintendo DS Lite A limited edition DS lite available though club Nintendo Europe from the 28th of May 2009.


Jump Ultimate Stars bundle: A limited edition DS Lite with the game Jump Ultimate Stars. It has the words "JUMP ULTIMATE STARS" printed on its case, along with the Weekly Jump mascot, the Jump Pirate.


Love and Berry bundle: A limited edition DS Lite bundle based on a popular Japanese arcade game, Love and Berry. It is metallic pink and comes with a card reader and cards.


Winning Eleven bundle: A limited edition Jet Black DS Lite bundle, which comes with the football game Winning Eleven.


Mario vs. Donkey Kong edition: K-Zone had a competition in between March 7, 2007 and March 19, 2007 that had twenty Mario vs. Donkey Kong 2: March of the Minis DS Lites as prizes.


Final Fantasy XII Revenant Wings Sky Pirates edition: A Final Fantasy XII: Revenant Wings bundle was released in Japan on April 26, 2007.


Pirates of the Caribbean edition: At the world premiere of Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End on May 19, 2007, models with a Pirates of the Caribbean skull and crossbones on the front were released, with Captain Jack Sparrow in front of a castle with the text "Where the adventure comes to life" on the back. These were only released to ticket holders at the Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End premiere at Disneyland. HMV Canada is holding a contest from August 21, 2007 to October 1, 2007 called "HMV Underground", where one of the prizes is a Disney limited edition DS console and a Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End game.


Seattle Mariners edition: White DS Lites emblazoned with the Seattle Mariners logo are available at Safeco Field.


Pokmon Center Pikachu edition: Yellow DS Lites which features Pikachu on the front cover were released in Japan. Buyers had to visit a Pokmon Center in Japan between June 1, 2007 and July 1, 2007 and fill in an application form for a chance to win a right to buy the console for JPY16,800. On November 17, 2007, the special DS Lite was released in a bundle pack for US$345.95.


RX-93 Gundam edition: White DS Lites which feature the same red branding seen on Amuro Ray's RX-93 Gundam in the animated film, Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack. The red logo appears on the left and the wording "RX-93 Gundam Mobile Suit Gundam Char's Counterattack" printed on the right. This edition goes on sale in Japan on August 9, 2007 and retails at JPY21,840, with game. Released by Bandai Namco.


Wonderful World edition: Gloss Silver DS Lites feature the black It's a Wonderful World logo on the left with the title of the game printed on the right. This edition goes on sale in Japan on July 27, 2007. Released by Square Enix.


Kirby: Squeak Squad edition: K-Zone held a competition in between April 16, 2007 and July 9, 2007 they gave away forty Kirby: Squeak Squad Nintendo DS Lites as a winning prize .


Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Ring of Fates Gemini edition: Being released on August 23, 2007 in conjunction with Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Ring of Fates in Japan. This features a Crystal White Nintendo DS Lite with Ring of Fates line art on the right and the title of the game on the left. It is priced at JPY21,840 (US$176).


Nintendo Connection Tour '07 edition: During June and July 2007, Nintendo Australia gave out a very limited edition Black DS Lite with an engraving of "Nintendo DS Connection Tour '07 Champion". There are only 15 in the worldne for each champion at each of the Pokmon Diamond and Pearl tournaments during the Australia-wide tour.


Wario: Master of Disguise edition: Continuing their DS Lite promotion, K-Zone held a competition until September 10, 2007 that had forty Wario: Master of Disguise DS Lites as prizes.


Super Mario 64 DS iQue DS edition: In China, another edition of the DS Lite will be released under the iQue name.


Zelda Triforce Gold Edition


The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass edition: On November 20, 2007, Nintendo announced a special edition gold DS Lite bundled with The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass, which was released in the United States on November 23, 2007 (Black Friday). It is a gold-colored DS Lite with a Triforce image in the bottom-right corner on the top of the outside. In The UK a silver DS Lite bundle was released with an image of Link on the left side and the Phantom Hourglass logo on the right. Only 1000 were produced.[citation needed]


Nintendogs edition: On November 20, 2007, Nintendo also announced a special edition metallic rose DS Lite bundled with Nintendogs: Best Friends, which was released in the United States on November 23, 2007 (Black Friday). It has a pink image of a paw in the bottom-right corner of the outside of the DS Lite's top screen.


Warhammer 40,000: Squad Command edition: THQ announced a competition to win a special edition DS Lite bearing a design similar to the power armor worn by the Ultramarines. The design was created in conjunction with Games Workshop and a team of modelers. The design is limited to only six consoles.


Crimson/Black Dragon iQue DS edition: In China, with laser-etched dragons on the cover


Bape Milo edition: Released in Japan on April 1, 2008, by Japanese Fashion Designer Nigo, A Bathing Ape


Honeyee x Fragment Design: Sold on the Honeyee online store between March 19 and March 21, 2008, designed by Hiroshi Fujiwara.


Guitar Hero: On Tour edition: A limited edition Silver/Black DS Lite branded with the Guitar Hero logo is available in a bundle with Guitar Hero: On Tour. The bundle coincided with the release of Guitar Hero: On Tour in North America on June 22, 2008, and in the United Kingdom on July 18, 2008.


Limited Edition Mario Red


Pink Ribbon DS Lite: Released in late September 2008, the Polar White DS Lite features a pink ribbon. Nintendo pledges to donate $5 for every system sold to the Susan G. Komen for the Cure to fight breast cancer.


Mario Red: Released November 28, 2008, this edition, unlike the Crimson/Black color, is completely covered in a bright red that best represents Mario's cap and shirt colors. It also features an emblazoned "M" on the front cover. For a limited time, it will be bundled with New Super Mario Bros..


Ice Blue: Released November 28, 2008, this DS is a holiday exclusive to 2008. It is bundled with Brain Age, and a limited edition ice blue carrying case. The case holds a DS lite, two DS games, and a spare stylus pen. This edition cost an additional US$20 because of the game and case included.


Lime Green: Released May 3, 2009, this Lime Green DS is packaged with a copy of Personal Trainer: Cooking and a carrying case. The bundle retails for $149.99 and is marketed as a Mother's Day gift. In Australia, the special edition came out in late May, was exclusive to EB Games, and was sold with Animal Crossing: Wild World.


Launch and Development


Japan


The Nintendo DS Lite was released on March 2, 2006 in Japan, with the suggested retail price of 16,800, but due to lack of supply and excessive demand of Nintendo DS systems at retail price following the Nintendo DS Lite's launch in Japan, many Asian electronics distributors raised the retail price of the redesigned handheld console to 23,300. On some Japanese auction sites it was being offered for prices as high as 40,000. Even though Nintendo managed to release 550,000 units in March 2006 (which was above their initial projections),[citation needed] the DS Lite was sold out soon after its launch. The shortage was supposed to be eased after Nintendo released 700,000 Nintendo DS Lites during April 2006; however, retailers in Tokyo sold out yet again by late May 2006. This shortage would last for most of 2006 and 2007 with retailers all around the country having permanent ads apologizing for the shortage and announcing the ignorance of when a restock would arrive. When the product arrived, it would sell out within days. Since restocking was erratic, looking for the product often involved several visits to different retailers, and most of the time without finding the product. This was still the case in Japan as of April 25, 2007, with stores turning away potential customers every day and selling out quickly.


Australia


The Nintendo DS Lite was released in Australia on June 1, 2006 for AU$199.95. It came with a demo for Dr. Kawashima's Brain Training: How Old Is Your Brain? As of mid 2009, the device sells for approximately AU$188.00.


North America


The Nintendo DS Lite was released on June 11, 2006, for US$129.99 in the United States, and CA$149.99 in Canada.


There have been various reports of North American Target, Wal-Mart, Kmart, and Meijer stores having sold Nintendo DS Lite units as early as May 30, 2006, breaking the official launch date.


On June 12, 2006, GameSpot reported that North American Nintendo DS Lites had sold out at major online retailers, as well as several brick-and-mortar stores.


On June 13, 2006, Nintendo announced that 136,500 units were sold in two days since the DS Lite went on sale in North America, and seemed to be on pace to the 500,000 sold by the original Nintendo DS in its first ten days. Shortly after its launch, the DS Lite was sold out at major US retailers; however, it did not have the same ongoing shortages in the US as it did in Japan through 2006 and 2007.


Europe


The Nintendo DS Lite was officially released in Europe on June 23, 2006, for 99.99 in the UK, 149.99 in the Eurozone. In Finland and Sweden, the DS Lite was released on June 22, 2006, due to Midsummer. In just 10 days, Nintendo announced it had sold 200,000 Nintendo DS Lites in Europe.


On June 12, 2006, Chinese media organization Sina.com reported that a container intended for shipment to Europe was stolen, which contained HK$18 million (US$2.32 million) worth of goods, including black Nintendo DS Lites and games. Later, GamesIndustry.biz reported that Nintendo had indeed confirmed that "A number of White DS Lite made for the UK market were stolen in Hong Kong."


South Korea


Nintendo opened its latest subsidiary, Nintendo of Korea, led by Mineo Kouda, on July 20, 2006. The DS Lite is the first console to be released in South Korea by the subsidiary, being released on January 18, 2007 for 150,000. Popular Korean actor Jang Dong-gun and Ahn Sung-ki has been enlisted to help promote the console. Nintendo Korea stated that they have sold more than one million units in the first year of sale with around 1.4 million sold as of April 2008.


Accessories


Main article: Nintendo DS accessories


Sales


See also: Nintendo DS#Marketing and sales


Life-to-date number of units shipped


Date


Japan


Americas


Other


Total


2006-03-31


0.58 million


-


-


0.58 million


2006-06-30


2.72 million


0.68 million


0.76 million


4.15 million


2006-09-30


4.97 million


2.23 million


1.86 million


9.06 million


2006-12-31


7.89 million


4.84 million


4.60 million


17.33 million


2007-03-31


9.48 million


6.41 million


5.96 million


21.85 million


2007-06-30


11.56 million


8.81 million


8.32 million


28.69 million


2007-09-30


13.16 million


10.73 million


11.04 million


34.93 million


2007-12-31


15.12 million


14.85 million


16.00 million


45.97 million


2008-03-31


15.84 million


17.06 million


18.88 million


51.78 million


2008-06-30


16.42 million


19.78 million


22.53 million


58.72 million


2008-09-30


17.16 million


22.30 million


26.05 million


65.51 million


2008-12-31


17.46 million


26.60 million


31.67 million


75.74 million


2009-03-31


17.63 million


28.80 million


33.51 million


79.94 million


2009-06-30


17.71 million


29.76 million


34.79 million


82.26 million


2009-09-30


17.84 million


30.75 million


35.90 million


84.49 million


Image gallery


The Nintendo DS Lite, closed


The Nintendo DS Lite, turned on and fully open


The Start and Select buttons have been moved to below the A, B, X and Y button group.


The front, with the volume control slider on left side, headphone jack on the right and Game Boy Advance slot in the middle


Remodeled stylus and relocated power switch


The Game Boy Advance filler cart and stylus, below the Nintendo DS Lite


See also


Nintendo portal


List of handhelds with Wi-Fi connectivity


References


^ a b c "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (Portable Document Format). Nintendo. 2009-10-29. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e0909.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-30. 


^ a b "Financial Results Briefing for Fiscal Year Ended March 2009-Supplementary Information" (PDF). Nintendo. 2009-05-08. pp. 6. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2009/090508e.pdf#page=6. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 


^ Rojas, Peter (2006-02-20). "The Engadget Interview: Reggie Fils-Aime, Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Nintendo". Engadget. http://www.engadget.com/2006/02/20/the-engadget-interview-reggie-fils-aime-executive-vice-preside/. Retrieved 2006-06-01. 


^ "Nintendo - Customer Service". http://www.nintendo.com/consumer/wfc/en_na/customersupport/glossary.jsp. Retrieved 2007-01-15. 


^ http://www.arm.com/markets/home_solutions/armpp/11961.html


^ a b "Nintendo DS Lite Rechargeable Battery Frequently Asked Questions". Nintendo. http://www.nintendo.com/consumer/systems/dslite/battery_faq.jsp#last. Retrieved 2007-07-24. 


^ a b "DS Lite engineers speak". GameSpot. CNET. 2006-06-11. http://uk.gamespot.com/news/6147089.html?sid=6147089. 


^ "Nintendo Rules of Circuits". Yale Edu. http://pclt.cis.yale.edu/pclt/PCHW/size.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-01. 


^ "DSi XL Was Once DS Lite XL". http://ds.ign.com/articles/105/1054873p1.html. Retrieved 2010-01-02. 


^ a b c "Nintendo DS Lite Color Variations" (in Japanese). Nintendo. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20080213185842/http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ds/lite/color/index.html. Retrieved 2007-08-08. 


^ "Nintendo releases 2 new colors for DS Lite". Japan News Review. 2007-05-31. http://www.japannewsreview.com/entertainment/games/20070531page_id=9. Retrieved 2007-08-08. 


^ "Metallic Rose and Gloss Silver in South Korea". 2007-06-23. Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20071117093452/http://www.nintendo.co.kr/www/intro/eng_intro1.php?link=dstopics. 


^ "Ice Blue DS Lite to be released in Australia". 2007-05-22. http://www.vooks.net/story-11773.html. Retrieved 2007-06-04. 


^ "Two New Pokmon games and two new colours for Nintendo DS". Archived from the original on 2006-10-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20061024031211/http://www.nintendo.com.au/nintendo/news/index.php. 


^ A new Nintendo DS Lite colour for Australia


^ a b "New Nintendo DS Lites The Way For Mario". Nintendo. 2006-05-04. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012183822/http://www.nintendo.com/newsarticle?articleid=Og1MrMU-BTmhVNcRMku_yhCWtXhjFheh. Retrieved 2006-06-01. 


^ Nintendo (2006-08-24). "Nintendo Launches New DS Lite Colors Amid Strong Game Sales". Press release. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012174315/http://www.nintendo.com/newsarticle?articleid=jKp8smG6e-wlzSewL4uWRV6gGIu6X5js. Retrieved 2006-08-27. 


^ "New Nintendo DS Color Comes Bundled with Brain Age 2". Nintendo. 2007-08-08. http://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/p6YV_H74y2x8JQibfas6FxvBRZAW42VD. Retrieved 2007-12-12. 


^ "Canadians To Get Crimson-Black DS Lite? With Brain Age 2 Combo Pack.". IGN. 2007-07-20. http://gear.ign.com/articles/807/807141p1.html. Retrieved 2007-08-08. 


^ "Nintendo Goes Fashion Forward with New Crimson/Onyx Nintendo DS". Nintendo. 2007-10-02. http://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/-CnDUo2gIf-euc-KjYdB_BjOLcikhpwC. Retrieved 2007-12-12. 


^ "Crimson/Black DS Lite discontinued?- What are you waiting for?". GoNintendo. 2008-01-10. http://gonintendo.com/viewstory.php?id=33089. Retrieved 2009-07-21. 


^ Trackback URI (2008-01-11). "Crimson/Onyx DS Lite discontinued- Cobalt Blue coming soon?". The Tanooki. http://www.thetanooki.com/2008/01/11/crimsononyx-ds-lite-discontinued-cobalt-blue-coming-soon/. Retrieved 2009-07-21. 


^ "Nintendo DS Lite: Crimson/Black". Amazon.com. 2008-12-27. http://www.amazon.com/Nintendo-DS-Lite-Crimson-Black/dp/B000VXJEW6. Retrieved 2008-12-27. 


^ "Nintendo DS Gets a Fashion-Forward New Color Scheme: Cobalt/Black". Nintendo. 2008-02-01. http://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/t1mytPWJ2toKtCMAlD4q8_O9114EM9H1. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 


^ Jack DeVries (2008-02-01). "New DS Lite Color Confirmed". IGN. http://ds.ign.com/articles/849/849131p1.html. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 


^ "Nintendo DS Fans Have a Hot New Color for the Fall: Metallic Silver". Nintendo. 2008-09-02. http://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/Mb4KbSoMlBtp1k1K1C-SKC2mkRZvTFU7. Retrieved 2008-09-10. 


^ Harris, Craig (2009-02-10). "IGN: Nintendo Prepping for DSi at Retail?". Ds.ign.com. http://ds.ign.com/articles/952/952961p1.html. Retrieved 2009-07-21. 


^ "Console Nintendo DS Lite - Coloris Argent: Jeux vido". Amazon.fr. http://www.amazon.fr/dp/B000W007Y2. Retrieved 2009-07-21. 


^ "New DS colours and cooking guide on the way". Nintendo. 2008-05-21. http://www.nintendo.co.uk/NOE/en_GB/news/2008/new_ds_colours_and_cooking_guide_on_the_way_8529.html. Retrieved 2008-09-13. 


^ "Official website for Pokemon" (in Japanese). Nintendo. Archived from the original on 2006-09-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20060902174741/http://www.pokemon.jp/portal/daisuki/ds.cfm. Retrieved 2006-07-29. 


^ a b Nintendo (2008-08-11). "Limited Edition Pokemon DS Pack (DS)". Press release. http://ds.gamespy.com/nintendo-ds/pokemon-platinum/897815p1.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18. 


^ "Pokmon Diamond/Pearl Themed DS Lite". Cubed3. http://www.cubed3.com/news/5847. Retrieved 2008-08-18. 


^ "Pokmon Diamond & Pokmon Pearl DS Lite Bundle". Archived from the original on 2007-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20070616133927/http://www.pokemoncenter.com/invt/4892. Retrieved 2008-08-18. 


^ Nintendo (2008-08-11). "Nintendo Thrills Pokmon Fans with New DS Limited-Edition Pokmon Pack". Press release. http://ds.ign.com/articles/897/897841p1.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18. 


^ "Nintendo DS Pokmon Pack" (Adobe Flash Player). The Official Pokmon website. Nintendo. 2008-08-11. http://www.pokemon.com/#news_/XML/news_290.xml. Retrieved 2008-08-18. 


^ "Jump Ultimate Stars DS Lite". http://img101.imagevenue.com/img.php?image=23892_date22554_122_469lo.jpg. 


^ The competition is mentioned on the official K-Zone website


^


^ "Seattle Mariners DS: exactly what the US market needs". DSFanboy.com. http://nintendo.joystiq.com/2007/05/18/seattle-mariners-ds-exactly-what-the-us-market-needs/. Retrieved 2007-05-23. 


^ "Pokemon Center Pikachu Edition". Archived from the original on 2007-07-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20070716233115/http://www.pokemon.co.jp/info/pokemon/p070601_02.html. Retrieved 2007-06-01. 


^ "Pikachu DS Lite Ultimate Bundle". Archived from the original on 2007-11-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20071118162921/http://www.pokemoncenter.com/invt/5012. 


^ "RX-93 Gundam edition". Archived from the original on 2007-05-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20070513034650/http://www.ggene.jp/goods.html. Retrieved 2007-05-11. 


^ "Wonderful World edition". http://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20070531/suba.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-01. 


^ "Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Ring of Fates bundle". Square Enix. http://ds.qj.net/The-Final-Fantasy-Crystal-Chronicles-Ring-of-Fates-DS-bundle-and-screenshots/pg/49/aid/95764. Retrieved 2007-06-22. 


^ [dead link] The Wario: MoD/K-Zone competition


^ Limited Edition Super Mario 64DS iQue DS Lite


^ a b "Nintendo Offers New DS Bundles for the Holidays". PC World. 2007-11-20. Archived from the original on 2007-12-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20071203115255/http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,139803/article.html. Retrieved 2007-11-21. 


^ "THQ UK - News: Exclusive competition! Win a Limited Edition Warhammer 40,000: Squad Command DS". THQ. 2007-12-18. http://www.thq-games.com/uk/news/show/3067http://www.thq-games.com/uk/news/show/3067. Retrieved 2007-12-18. 


^ http://gonintendo.com/viewstory.php?id=32067 iQue Crinsom/Black Dragon Edition DS Lite


^ Bape Milo DS Edition


^ Honeyee x Fragment Design


^ Nintendo (2008-06-12). "Axe Shredders Hit the Road With New Nintendo DS/Guitar Hero: On Tour Bundle". Press release. http://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/gaKF26g2UoTreTgHvhRbfRGdnMOAy1--. Retrieved 2008-08-03. 


^ Mike Jackson (2008-06-12). "Guitar Hero-branded DS revealed". Computer and Video Games. http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=190814. Retrieved 2008-08-03. 


^ Pink Ribbon DS Lite


^ Flatley, Joseph L. (2009-04-24). "Nintendo rolls out lime green DS bundle just in time for Mother's Day". Engadget.com. http://www.engadget.com/2009/04/24/nintendo-rolls-out-lime-green-ds-bundle-just-in-time-for-mother/. Retrieved 2009-07-21. 


^ "Nintendo DS Lite Handheld Console (Green)". Ebgames.com.au. http://www.ebgames.com.au/ds/product.cfm?id=14721&refer=banner. Retrieved 2009-07-21. 


^ http://www.ebgames.com.au/images/products/147553_deal_au.jpg


^ "Yahoo! Japan DS Auctions". Yahoo!. http://search.auctions.yahoo.co.jp/search?sb=desc&desc=nintendo+ds+lite&auccat=0&acc=jp&apg=&f=0x12&s1=cbids&o1=d&alocale=0jp&mode=0. Retrieved 2006-05-23. 


^ Ben Parfitt (2008-12-02). "Japan: DSi sells half a million". Market for Home Computing and Video Games. http://www.mcvuk.com/news/32542/JAPAN-DSi-sells-half-a-million. Retrieved 2008-12-07. 


^ a b c David Radd (2008-11-05). "DSi Sells Out in Japan in Four Days". GameDaily. AOL. http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/news/dsi-sells-out-in-japan-in-four-days. Retrieved 2008-12-07. 


^ Danny Choo. "Japan DS Lite". http://www.dannychoo.com/adp/eng/528/Japan+DS+Lite.html. Retrieved 2006-06-11. 


^ "Analyst Predicts Wii Shortages Into 2009". http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=13669. Retrieved 2007-04-26. 


^ "Nintendo Sales Up, but Wii Misses Target". http://news.yahoo.com/s/pcworld/20070426/tc_pcworld/131243. Retrieved 2007-04-26. [dead link]


^ "Brain Training demo with DS lite launch in Australia". GoNintendo. http://gonintendo.com/viewstory.php?id=2830. Retrieved 2009-04-06. 


^ "Game Consoles >> EB Games Australia >> We take games seriously". Ebgames.com.au. http://www.ebgames.com.au/consoles.cfm?console=ds. Retrieved 2009-07-21. 


^ "Games, Consoles : JB HI-FI". Jbhifionline.com.au. http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/game/consoles.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-21. 


^ Polybren (2006-05-31). "DS Lite launches early?". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/pages/news/show_blog_entry.php?topic_id=24673325. Retrieved 2006-05-31. 


^ Surette, Tim (2006-06-12). "DS Lites up US retailers". GameSpot. CNET. http://www.gamespot.com/news/6152621.html. Retrieved 2006-05-31. 


^ "Nintendo news: Nintendo DS continues to dominate portable video games". Nintendo. 2006-06-12. Archived from the original on 2006-06-12. http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/newsArt.cfm?artid=11723. Retrieved 2006-06-14. 


^ "Lite up your life!". Nintendo. http://www.nintendo-europe.com/NOE/en/GB/news/article.do?elementId=7ag5OAeR36oL-ebBmcOm0xEA7xMSCfAg. Retrieved 2006-06-23. [dead link]


^ "Robbers steal 18 million worth of NDSL handheld (AP)" (in Chinese). Sina.com. 2006-06-12. http://games.sina.com.cn/t/n/2006-06-12/1526154872.shtml. Retrieved 2008-01-07. 


^ "$2.32 Million of Black Nintendo DS Lite Gone Missing". Play Gadgets. 2006-06-14. http://www.everyjoe.com/articles/232-million-of-black-nintendo-ds-lite-gone-missing-130/. Retrieved 2008-01-06. 


^ Gibson, Ellie (2006-06-19). "Nintendo confirms theft of DS Lite shipment". GamesIndustry.biz. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/nintendo-confirms-theft-of-ds-lite-shipment. Retrieved 2008-01-06. 


^ "Nintendo Opens Korean Offices". The Wiire. http://thewiire.com/blog/post/4881-nintendo-opens-korean-offices. Retrieved 2006-12-22. 


^ "Nintendo Korea's DS page". Archived from the original on 2008-02-06. http://web.archive.org/web/20080206072113/http://www.nintendo.co.kr/www/intro/eng_intro1.php. 


^ Nintendo Korea Press Release


^ Wii Launching Conference


^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2006-06-25. pp. 30. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2006/060525e.pdf#page=30. Retrieved 2007-04-26. 


^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2006-07-24. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2006/060724e.pdf#page=8. Retrieved 2007-01-25. 


^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2006-10-26. pp. 28. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2006/061026e.pdf#page=28. Retrieved 2007-01-25. 


^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-01-25. pp. 8. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2007/070125e.pdf. Retrieved 2007-01-25. 


^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-04-26. pp. 8. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2007/070426e.pdf#page=21. Retrieved 2007-04-26. 


^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-07-25. pp. 8. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2007/070725e.pdf#page=8. Retrieved 2007-07-25. 


^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-10-25. pp. 22. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2007/071025e.pdf#page=22. Retrieved 2007-10-25. 


^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-01-24. pp. 8. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2008/080124e.pdf#page=8. Retrieved 2007-01-24. 


^ "Consolidated Financial Statements" (PDF). Nintendo. 2008-04-24. pp. 22. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/pdf/2008/080424e.pdf#page=22. Retrieved 2008-04-24. 


^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. 2008-07-30. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e0806.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-30. 


^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. 2008-10-30. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e0809.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-31. 


^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. 2009-01-29. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e0812.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-31. 


^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. 2009-05-01. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e0903.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 


^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (Portable Document Format). Nintendo. 2009-07-30. http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ir/library/historical_data/pdf/consolidated_sales_e0906.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-30. 


External links


Official websites


Official Nintendo DS Lite website (Australia)


Official Nintendo DS Lite website (South Korea)


Official Nintendo DS Lite website (Canada)


Official Nintendo DS Lite website (Europe)


Official Nintendo DS Lite website (United States)


v  d  e


Nintendo DS and DSi


Hardware


Nintendo DS (DS Lite)  Nintendo DSi (DSi LL/XL)  Accessories


Online service


Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection  Nintendo DSi system software  Nintendo Points


Games


(A, J, S)  Wi-Fi Connection games  Touch! Generations titles  DSiWare (North America, PAL region)  Game Boy Advance games


Applications


Download Play  Flipnote Studio  Nintendo DS & DSi Browser  PictoChat


v  d  e


Nintendo video game hardware


Consoles


Color TV Game  NES (Disk System  NES-101 model  Nintendo M82)  Super NES (Super Game Boy  Satellaview  SNES-101)  Virtual Boy  Nintendo 64 (64DD)  GameCube (Game Boy Player  Panasonic Q)  iQue Player  Wii (Virtual Console  WiiWare)


Handhelds


Game & Watch  Game Boy (Pocket  Light)  Game Boy Color  Pokmon Pikachu  Pokmon mini  Game Boy Advance (SP  Micro)  Nintendo DS (Lite  DSi  DSi XL)


Arcade


Early arcade games  Vs. System  PlayChoice-10  Nintendo Super System  Triforce


Peripherals


Data Recorder  DK Bongos  e-Reader  Famicom Four-way Adaptor  Game Boy Camera  Game Boy Printer  NES Advantage   NES Four Score  NES Max  NES Satellite  NES Zapper  Nintendo 64 controller (accessories)  Nintendo GameCube controller  Nintendo Power  Power Glove  Power Pad  R.O.B.  Rumble Pak  SNES Mouse  SNES Multitap  Super Scope  U-Force  WaveBird  Wii Balance Board  Classic Controller  Wii Remote (Wii MotionPlus  Third-party accessories)  Wii Speak   Wii Zapper


Technology


Game Paks  Nintendo optical disc


v  d  e


Handheld game consoles


Early units


Microvision  Adventurevision  Epoch Game Pocket Computer  Game & Watch


Bandai


WonderSwan  WonderSwan Color  SwanCrystal  Tamagotchi


Game Park/Holdings


GP32  GP2X  GP2X Wiz


Nintendo


Game & Watch  Game Boy (Pocket  Light)  Virtual Boy  Game Boy Color  Pokmon mini  Pokmon Pikachu  Game Boy Advance (SP  Micro)  Nintendo DS (Lite  DSi  DSi XL)


Sega


Game Gear  Nomad


SNK


Neo Geo Pocket  Neo Geo Pocket Color


Sony


PlayStation Portable (Slim and Lite  PSP-3000  PSP Go)


Other handhelds


Elektronika IM  Atari Lynx  TurboExpress  Gamate  Watara Supervision  Mega Duck  N-Gage  Tapwave Zodiac  Hartung Game Master  GameKing I, II and III  Leapster  Pandora  Game.com  V-Smile Pocket  Gizmondo  Dingoo


Comparison


Categories: 2006 introductions | Backward compatible video game consoles | Nintendo DS | Regionless game consoles | Wi-Fi devicesHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links from July 2009 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from August 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008