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Color palette
EGA Color Table
The EGA palette allows all 16 CGA colors to be used simultaneously, and it allows substitution of each of these colors with any one from a total of 64 colors (two bits each for red, green and blue). This also allows the CGA's alternate brown color to be used without any additional display hardware. The later VGA standard built on this by allowing each of the 64 colors to be further customized. dell optiplex gx260
The full 64-color EGA palette compaq presario 5000
When selecting a color from the EGA palette, two bits are used for the red, green and blue channels. This allows each channel a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3. To select the color magenta, the red and blue values would be medium intensity (2, or 10 in binary) and the green value would be off (0). When calculating the intended value in the 64-color EGA palette, the binary number of the intended entry is of the form "rgbRGB" where a lowercase letter is the least significant bit of the channel intensity and an uppercase letter is the most significant bit. For magenta, the most significant bit in the red and blue values is a 1, so the uppercase R and B placeholders would become 1. All other digits are zeros, giving the binary number 000101 for the color magenta. This is 5 in decimal, so setting a palette entry to 5 would result in it being set to magenta. All the color values for the default colors are listed in the table on the right. dell optiplex gx240
Default EGA 16-color palette
(set up to match the standard CGA colors)
Color
rgbRGB
Decimal
0 black (#000000)
000000
0
1 blue (#0000AA)
000001
1
2 green (#00AA00)
000010
2
3 cyan (#00AAAA)
000011
3
4 red (#AA0000)
000100
4
5 magenta (#AA00AA)
000101
5
6 brown (#AA5500)
010100
20
7 white / light gray (#AAAAAA)
000111
7
8 dark gray / bright black (#555555)
111000
56
9 bright blue (#5555FF)
111001
57
10 bright green (#55FF55)
111010
58
11 bright cyan (#55FFFF)
111011
59
12 bright red (#FF5555)
111100
60
13 bright magenta (#FF55FF)
111101
61
14 bright yellow (#FFFF55)
111110
62
15 bright white (#FFFFFF)
111111
63
Specifications
The EGA uses a female 9-pin D-subminiature (DE-9) connector which looks identical to the CGA connector. The hardware signal interface, including the pin configuration, is largely compatible with CGA. The differences are in the repurposing of three pins for the EGA's secondary RGB signals: the CGA Intensity pin (pin 6) has been changed to Secondary Green (Intensity); the second ground of CGA (pin 2) has been changed to Secondary Red (Intensity), and pin 7 (Reserved on the CGA) is used for Secondary Blue (Intensity). If the EGA is operated in the modes having the same scan rates as CGA, a connected CGA monitor should operate correctly, though if the monitor connects pin 2 to ground, the shorting of the EGA's Secondary Red (Intensity) output to ground could conceivably damage the EGA adapter. Similarly, if the CGA monitor is wired with pin 2 as its sole ground (which is poor design), it will not work with the EGA, though it will work with a CGA. Finally, because of the use of the CGA's Intensity pin as Secondary Green, on a CGA monitor connected to an EGA, all CGA colors will display correctly, but all other EGA colors will incorrectly display as the standard CGA color which has the same values for the g, R, G, and B bits (ignoring the r and b bits.) Conversely, an EGA monitor should work with a CGA adapter, but the Secondary Red signal will be grounded (always 0) and the Secondary Blue will be floating (unconnected), causing all high-intensity CGA colors except brown to display incorrectly and all colors to perhaps (but probably not) have a blue tint due to the indeterminate state of the unconnected Secondary Blue.
Connector
Female DE-9, on EGA (computer).
Pin numbers (looking at socket): top row is pins 1-5, bottom row is pins 6 to 9, both numbered from right to left in this illustration.
Pin assignments
Pin
Name
Function
1
GND
Ground
2
SR
Secondary Red (Intensity)
3
PR
Primary Red
4
PG
Primary Green
5
PB
Primary Blue
6
SG
Secondary Green (Intensity)
7
SB
Secondary Blue (Intensity)
8
H
Horizontal Sync
9
V
Vertical Sync
Signal
Type
Digital, TTL
Resolution H x V
640 x 350 other modes available
H-freq
15.7 or 21.8 kHz
V-freq
60 Hz
Colors
6-bit (64)
See also
Graphics card
Graphics processing unit
List of display interfaces
List of monochrome and RGB palettes 6-bit RGB section
List of 16-bit computer hardware palettes EGA section
Professional Graphics Controller
References
Mueller, Scott (1992) Upgrading and Repairing PCs, Second Edition, Que Books, ISBN 0-88022-856-3
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Computer display standards
Video hardware
MDA HGC CGA PGC EGA VGA MCGA 8514 XGA
Size comparison
Display resolutions
QQVGA HQVGA QVGA HVGA VGA SVGA XGA XGA+ SXGA SXGA+ UXGA QXGA QSXGA QUXGA HXGA HSXGA HUXGA
Widescreen variants
WQVGA WVGA/FWVGA WSVGA WXGA WSXGA/WXGA+ WSXGA+ WUXGA WQXGA WQSXGA WQUXGA WHXGA WHSXGA WHUXGA
Categories: Computer display standards | IBM personal computers | Video cards
Thursday, April 29, 2010
Enhanced Graphics Adapter
University of Alabama traditions
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Football
Beginnings of football at Alabama
According to a November 25, 1926 article in The Crimson White, football was first introduced at the University of Alabama in 1892 by W. G. Little of Livingston, Alabama, who had been a student at Andover, Massachusetts and "went to the University carrying his uniform and a great bag of enthusiasm for the game." carp rod
Alabama's first football game was played in Birmingham on Friday afternoon, November 11, 1892, at the old Lakeview Park. Alabama defeated a team composed mostly of high schoolers 56-0. That Saturday, November 12, Alabama played the Birmingham Athletic Club, losing 5-4 when Ross, of B.A.C., kicked a 65-yard field goal. This field goal was a collegiate record at the time. fishing terminal tackle
In 1896 the University's board of trustees passed a rule forbidding athletic teams from traveling off-campus. The following season only one game was played and in 1898 football was abandoned at Alabama. Student opposition to the ruling forced trustees to lift the travel ban and football was resumed in 1899. The 1918 season was cancelled on account of World War I but the game was resumed the following year. fishing bite alarms
Alabama first gained national recognition for football in 1922 when it defeated the University of Pennsylvania 9-7 in Philadelphia. The following season Wallace Wade became head coach and in 1925 led the Crimson Tide to its first undefeated and untied season and its first trip to Pasadena, California with a Rose Bowl invitation. On January 1, 1926 in the Rose Bowl, Alabama came from behind to upset the University of Washington 20-19.
The Crimson Tide
Early newspaper accounts of the University's football squad simply referred to them as the "varsity" or the "Crimson White." The first nickname popular with the media was the "Thin Red Line," which was used until 1906. Hugh Roberts, former sports editor of the Birmingham Age-Herald, is credited with coining the phrase "Crimson Tide" in an article describing the 1907 Iron Bowl played in Birmingham. The game was played in a sea of red mud with Auburn a heavy favorite to win. Alabama held Auburn to a 6-6 tie, thus graduating to their newfound nickname.
The Elephant
The elephant's association with Alabama dates back to the 1930 football season when the Crimson Tide was led by Coach Wallace Wade. There are two stories about how Alabama became associated with the elephant.
Officially, following the 1930 game versus Ole Miss, Atlanta Journal sports writer Everett Strupper wrote:
"At the end of the quarter, the earth started to tremble, there was a distant rumble that continued to grow. Some excited fan in the stands bellowed, 'Hold your horses, the elephants are coming,' and out stamped this Alabama varsity. It was the first time that I had seen it and the size of the entire eleven nearly knocked me cold, men that I had seen play last year looking like they had nearly doubled in size."
Sports writers continued to refer to Alabama as the "Red Elephants" afterwards, referring to their crimson jerseys. The 1930 team shut out eight of ten opponents, allowing a total of only 13 points all season. The "Red Elephants" rolled up 217 points that season, including a 24-0 victory over Washington State in the Rose Bowl.
Another account attributes the Rosenberger's Birmingham Trunk Company for the elephant association. Alabama used the Birmingham Trunk Company's luggage to travel to the 1930 Rose Bowl. The luggage company's trademark was a red elephant standing on a trunk. When the football team arrived in Pasadena, the reporters greeting them associated their large size with the elephants on their luggage.
Despite these early associations of the elephant to the University of Alabama, the university did not officially accept the elephant as university mascot until 1979.
Alabama's elephant mascot is known as "Big Al."
The Million Dollar Band
Main article: Million Dollar Band (marching band)
The Million Dollar Band performing at a football game
The Million Dollar Band, the University of Alabama's marching band, was founded in 1913 with 14 members under the direction of Dr. Gustav Wittig. In 1917, the band became a military band and was led by students until 1927.
The Million Dollar Band is the largest performing organization on campus, with around 400 members. The September 1992 issue of Southern Living selected the Million Dollar Band as one of the top ten most outstanding bands in the South. In 2003 it became the twenty-second band to be honored with the Sudler Trophy, given by the Sousa Foundation to recognize "collegiate marching bands of particular excellence that have made outstanding contributions to the American way of life." Additionally, the Million Dollar Band has been nationally televised more than any other college marching band in the country.[citation needed]
Naming of the Million Dollar Band
W. C. "Champ" Pickens bestowed the name "Million Dollar Band" after the 1922 football game against Georgia Tech. Though accounts vary, it is reported that in order for the band to attend the game they had to solicit funds from local businesses. They were able to collect enough funds to ride in a tourist sleeper to the game. After the game, which Alabama lost 33-7, an Atlanta sportswriter commented to Pickens, "You don't have much of a team; what do you have at Alabama?" Pickens replied, "A Million Dollar Band."
Directors of the Million Dollar Band
1913 1917: Dr. Gustav Wittig
1917 1927: Student-led
1927 1934: Captain H. H. Turner
1935 1968: Colonel Carleton K. Butler
1969 1970: Mr. Earl Dunn
1971 1983: Dr. James Ferguson
1984 2002: Ms. Kathryn B. Scott
2003 Present: Dr. Kenneth Ozzello
School songs
Alma Mater
Like many college alma mater songs written around the turn of the 20th century, the Alabama Alma Mater is set to the tune of "Annie Lisle", a ballad written in the 1850s. The words are usually credited as, "Helen Vickers, 1908", although it is not clear whether that was when it was written or if that was her graduating class:
Alabama, listen, Mother, To our vows of love, To thyself and to each other, Faithful friends we'll prove.
Faithful, loyal, firm and true, Heart bound to heart will beat. Year by year, the ages through Until in Heaven we meet.
College days are swiftly fleeting, Soon we'll leave their halls Ne'er to join another meeting 'Neath their hallowed walls.
Faithful, loyal, firm and true Heart bound to heart will beat Year by year, the ages through Until in Heaven we meet.
So, farewell, dear Alma Mater May thy name, we pray, Be rev'renced ever, pure and stainless As it is today.
Faithful, loyal, firm and true Heart bound to heart will beat Year by year, the ages through Until in Heaven we meet.
"Yea Alabama"
Following Alabama's 1926 Rose Bowl victory over Washington, a contest was held by The Rammer-Jammer, a student newspaper, for the composition of a fight song. Several entries were submitted to a panel overseen by the Music Department, and the winning entry, "Yea Alabama", was adopted:
Let the Sewanee Tiger scratch, Let the Yellow Jacket sting,
Let the Georgia Bulldog bite,
Alabama still is right!
And whether win or lose we smile,
For that's Bama's fighting style:
You're Dixie's football pride, Crimson Tide!
A-L-A-B-A-M-A Chorus: Yea, Alabama! Drown 'em Tide!
Every 'Bama man's behind you,
Hit your stride.
Go teach the Bulldogs to behave,
Send the Yellow Jackets to a watery grave.
And if a man starts to weaken,
That's a shame!
For Bama's pluck and grit have
Writ her name in Crimson flame.
Fight on, fight on, fight on men!
Remember the Rose Bowl, we'll win then.
So roll on to victory,
Hit your stride,
You're Dixie's football pride,
Crimson Tide, Roll Tide, Roll Tide!!
The composer, Ethelred Lundy (Epp) Sykes, a student in the School of Engineering, was the editor of The Rammer-Jammer, and played piano in a jazz ensemble, The Capstone Five. He won the University's Pan-Hellenic Cup in 1926 for overall achievement, both academically, athletically, and in student affairs. The song achieved considerable popularity during the 20s and 30s. Sykes went on to become a Brigadier General in the U.S Air Force, and donated the copyright and future royalties to the University in 1947. The opening of the song is heard during pre-game right after the "Bammy Bound cheer". The Million Dollar Band plays only the chorus at football games such as after touchdowns and field goals.
Yea Alabama!
From the album Touchdown! by Percy Faith
Problems listening to this file? See media help.
A Dixieland jazz version of the song appeared on the 1950 Percy Faith album Football Songs (later re-releasd as Touchdown!) and was played extensively across the state in the 1960s and 1970s as the music bed of radio commercials for sporting goods stores. It was also used as the theme music for The Bear Bryant Show.
The last words of the song, "Roll Tide!", have become the standard cheer, greeting, and farewell among Alabama fans.
The Rammer Jammer Cheer
The "Rammer Jammer Cheer" is a traditional and controversial cheer. The university briefly forbade the Million Dollar Band from playing it, on account of its taunting nature and its use of the word "hell". The move was met with a significant amount of criticism. In a vote at Homecoming 2005, the question was posed to students of whether the cheer should be banned. 98% of students voted in favor of keeping the cheer. Before the university's attempt to remove the cheer, it was played before kickoff and at the end of the game. The cheer is now only played in the closing minutes when victory is certain, and is traditionally chanted twice. On at least one occasion (during Alabama's victory over Auburn in the 2008 Iron Bowl--Alabama's first in the series since 2001) it was repeated an additional three times. After Alabama's victory over the Florida Gators in the 2009 SEC Championship Game, as well as after Alabama's victory over the Texas Longhorns in the 2010 Citi BCS National Championship Game, the cheer was played four times. Fans cheer:
Hey Vols!
Hey Vols!
Hey Vols!
We just beat the hell out of you!
Rammer Jammer, Yellowhammer, give 'em hell, Alabama!
The nickname of the current opponent is substituted for "Vols", (short for Volunteers, the nickname for the University of Tennessee) except when the opponent is Auburn, in which case the name "Auburn" is used rather than its nickname of Tigers. Also, when the cheer was played before kickoff, fans would replace the lyrics "We just" with "We're gonna." The cheer is no longer played before kickoff because it is considered bad luck.
The lyrics originate from "The Rammer-Jammer," a student newspaper in the 1920s, and the yellowhammer, Alabama's state bird. The cadence of the cheer was adapted from the Ole Miss cheer "Hotty Toddy" after then Ole Miss marching band director Dr. James Ferguson was appointed director of the Million Dollar Band. The cheer was long referred to as "Ole Miss", and today the drum major's signal is still the motioning of one arm in a full circle (an 'O').
Author Warren St. John titled his 2004 bestseller about obsessive sports fans "Rammer Jammer Yellow Hammer" () after the cheer.
References
^ Studwell, William Emmett; Bruce R. Schueneman (2001). College Fight Songs II: A Supplementary Anthology. Routledge. pp. 21. ISBN 9780789009203. http://books.google.com/books?id=5T_VguL00J0C&pg=RA1-PA21. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
^ "Rammer Jammer Yellow Hammer - FAQ". 2004. http://www.rammerjammeryellowhammer.com/album.php. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
^ McGee, Ryan. "Sonic youth". ESPN the Magazine. http://sports.espn.go.com/espnmag/story?id=3531112. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
External links
The University of Alabama.
RollTide.com | Traditions
Million Dollar Band History
Fan Community
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The University of Alabama
Schools and Colleges
College of Arts and Science Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration College of Communication and Information Sciences College of Education College of Engineering College of Human Environmental Sciences Capstone College of Nursing School of Social Work School of Law College of Community Health Sciences College of Continuing Studies
People
Julia Tutwiler Amelia Gayle Gorgas George Wallace George H. Denny Robert E. Witt Alabama Alumni
Places
Alabama Museum of Natural History Amelia Gayle Gorgas Library Denny Chimes Ferguson Center Foster Auditorium Gorgas House Little Round House Maxwell Hall (Old Observatory) Moundville Archaeological Park Paul W. Bryant Museum President's Mansion The Quad Strode House University of Alabama Arboretum
Athletics
Programs: Football Men's Basketball Baseball Gymnastics Softball Women's Basketball Golf Tennis Soccer Volleyball Track & Field
Rivalries: Auburn Georgia LSU Mississippi State Ole Miss Tennessee
Facilities: Bryant-Denny Stadium Coleman Coliseum Sewell-Thomas Stadium Foster Auditorium Alabama Softball Complex
People: Nick Saban Anthony Grant Mal Moore Paul "Bear" Bryant Joe Namath Kenny Stabler Bart Starr
Broadcasting
Alabama Public Radio WVUA-CA WVUA-FM
Organizations & Traditions
Million Dollar Band Big Al The Crimson White CrimsonRide Traditions
Affiliations
University of Alabama System UAB School of Medicine Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Oak Ridge Associated Universities Southeastern Conference National Collegiate Athletic Association
Endowment: $777.1 million Students: 27,052 Faculty: 1,122
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Southeastern Conference (SEC)
Eastern Division
Florida Gators Georgia Bulldogs Kentucky Wildcats South Carolina Gamecocks Tennessee Volunteers & Lady Vols Vanderbilt Commodores
Western Division
Alabama Crimson Tide Arkansas Razorbacks & Lady'Backs Auburn Tigers LSU Tigers Mississippi State Bulldogs Ole Miss Rebels
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Fight Songs of the Southeastern Conference
Eastern Division
Orange and Blue (Florida) Glory, Glory (Georgia) On, On, U of K, Kentucky Fight (Kentucky) The Fighting Gamecocks Lead the Way (South Carolina) Down the Field (Tennessee) Dynamite (Vanderbilt)
Western Division
Yea Alabama (Alabama) Arkansas Fight Song (Arkansas) War Eagle (Auburn) Fight for LSU (LSU) Forward Rebels (Mississippi) Hail State (Mississippi State)
Categories: Alabama Crimson Tide | SEC fight songs | Traditions by university or college in the United StatesHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from December 2008 | All articles needing additional references | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008
Dasepo Naughty Girls
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Dasepo Naughty Girls camouflage clothing
Hangul nursing uniforms
invisible silicone bra
RR
Dasepo sonyo
Directed by
Lee Jae-yong
Produced by
Ahn Dong-gyu
Written by
Choi Jin-seong
Starring
Kim Ok-bin
Park Jin-woo
Lee Kyeon
Eun-seong
Kim Byeol
Lee Won-jong
Cinematography
Jeong Jeong-hoon
Editing by
Choi Jae-guen
Distributed by
Lotte/Mirovision
Release date(s)
August 10, 2006
Running time
111 min.
Country
South Korea
Language
Korean
Gross revenue
US$3.8 million
Dasepo Naughty Girls is a 2006 South Korean musical comedy film. It is based on the popular webcomic Dasepo Girls by B-rate Dal-gung, which has also been adapted into a TV series.
Cast
Kim Ok-bin ... Poor Girl
Park Jin-woo ... Anthony
Lee Kyeon ... Cyclops
Eun-seong ... Two Eyes
Kim Byeol ... Bellflower
Lee Yong-joo
Nam Oh-jeong ... Vice-President Girl
Park Hye-won ... Class Monitor
Lee Min-hyeok ... Anthony's friend (pompadour)
Yoo Geon ... Anthony's friend (spiked hair)
Yoo Joo-hee
Im Ye-jin ... Poor Girl's mother
Lee Won-jong ... Big Razor Sis
Lee Jae-yong ... Teacher
Moon Won-joo
Kim Soo-mi
Jo Jeong-rin
External links
Dasepo Naughty Girls at the Internet Movie Database
Dasepo Naughty Girls at Allmovie
Dasepo Naughty Girls at HanCinema
Review at Koreanfilm.org
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Cinema of Korea
Cinema of South Korea Cinema of North Korea
Actors Animators Directors Cinematographers Editors Producers Screenwriters Korean animation Animation studios Awards Festivals K-Horror Production companies A-Z Korean language films A pre1948 Korean films Pre1948 Korean films by year A North Korean films North Korean films by year A South Korean films
South Korean films by year
19481959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
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Categories: Korean-language films | 2006 films | Fantasy-comedy films | Films based on comics | Musical comedy films | South Korean films | Teen comedy films | Korean film stubs | Manhwa stubs | Webcomics stubsHidden categories: Articles containing Korean language text | Wikipedia articles needing romanized Korean
Sunday, April 25, 2010
Grafton saxophone
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The Design
Designed by Hector Sommaruga, an Italian living in London, the saxophone was named after "Grafton Way", his address during the late 1940s. The basic saxophone design was patented in late 1945. Creation of the first non-working prototype took place in 1946, and commercial production commenced in 1950. The selling price of the Grafton was 55 i.e. approximately half the cost of a conventional brass saxophone. Contemporary marketing literature described the Grafton as a "Tone poem in ivory and gold". The decision to make it mainly from acrylic glass like perspex was motivated not by a belief in any special acoustic qualities, but simply because of its much lower cost and ease of production. The serial number on a Grafton appears in an unusual location: it is stamped onto the main body of the saxophone (and highlighted in black) at the front, approximately 2 cms above the front F key which is operated by the player's left hand. Serial numbers run to a maximum of five digits. Serial numbers running up to at least 13,571 are known to exist.
Grafton saxophones have a very distinctive appearance due to their 1950s Italian style. The mechanical action of Graftons has an unusual "spongy" feel to it, without the quick, "snappy", positive feel of other more conventional saxophone actions. The plastic technology used in the Grafton dates from the late 1940s and is therefore nowhere near as robust as the injection moulded plastics used in the 21st century. belly punching
Fragility portable soccer goal
The basic problem with Grafton saxophones is that they are brittle. As a result, component parts can easily crack, fracture or snap off during normal use. Not only do Graftons use a non-standard spring mechanism to operate the action, but spare parts are unavailable. Not surprisingly, Graftons are challenging to overhaul and repair when compared to saxophones made entirely of metal e.g. Selmer or Conn. For these reasons, and their comparative rarity, it is unusual to see a Grafton being played by performers in the 21st century. As a general rule, Graftons are now regarded purely as collectors' items i.e. for display purposes only. This is because they are fragile and very easy to damage, which detracts from their monetary value. kid punching bag
Notable players
Charlie Parker
The most notable player of a Grafton saxophone was Charlie Parker. While in Toronto, Charlie Parker and he quintet were scheduled to perform at Massey Hall, but Parker had pawned his saxophone - some sources say to buy heroin. A sales representative for Grafton (or the owner of the company, depending upon from whom one receives the story) asked Parker to use a Grafton for a Massey Hall gig in May 1953. Although Parker was under exclusive contract to use only one type of saxophone whilst gigging in the United States, outside the U.S.A. he was free to use any sax he wished, including this Grafton. The recording of Parker (credited as Charlie Chan due to contract issues) can be heard on the CD "Jazz at Massey Hall" with Bud Powell, Dizzy Gillespie, Charles Mingus and Max Roach. The Grafton saxophone that Parker used (serial number 10265) was sold at the Christie's auction house in London in September 1994 for 93,500 sterling, though this was because of its association with a famous jazz musician rather than the instrument itself having any special merit. The buyer was the American Jazz Museum, located in Parker's home town of Kansas City, Missouri.
John Dankworth
English jazz composer, saxophonist and clarinetist John Dankworth was an early endorser. The Grafton company provided him with two altos, specially customised to his requirements. During the Festival of Britain in 1951, the "John Dankworth Seven" (with Dankworth playing a Grafton) performed at the newly-opened Royal Festival Hall in London.
Ornette Coleman
Ornette Coleman used to play a Grafton (that he purchased in 1954) originally because it was the cheapest saxophone he could replace his first tenor with after it was broken. In the late fifties and early sixties, Coleman was sometimes known as "the man with the plastic horn". However, Coleman subsequently replaced his Grafton with a white-lacquered Selmer alto instead.
Legacy
As of 2010 there are no manufacturers of plastic saxophones, with the exception of Vibratosax. It would be very difficult to predict the tonal qualities of a modern plastic saxophone without first making a prototype and testing it. However, it is certain that a plastic saxophone made in the 21st Century would be much more robust than the Grafton. This is because plastics technology has advanced significantly since the 1950s. Superior polymers now exist which are much more durable, not to mention the possibility of using carbon fibre composites (or even Kevlar/Twaron) for component parts requiring extra strength.
External links
Review of the Grafton alto saxophone
Additional information regarding the Grafton
Video of Charlie Parker's Grafton saxophone at Christie's auction house - (played by Peter King)
Video of Loren Pickford playing a Grafton saxophone
Video of Gerald Dunn playing a Grafton saxophone
Video #1 of Grafton saxophone repair process
Video #2 of Grafton saxophone repair process
References
^ http://www.saxpics.com/?v=gal&a=1075
^ http://www.cbc.ca/arts/music/story/2007/06/18/coleman-ornette-collapse.html?ref=rss
^ http://www.jazzhouse.org/vote/pho7/Abbott.jpg
Categories: Saxophones
PC
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PC most commonly refers to:
Personal computer, a computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals
Political correctness, language or behavior that appears calculated to provide a minimum of offense pneumatic jack hammer
PC may also stand for: rotary hammer drills
Science and medicine electric demolition hammers
Pachyonychia congenita, a genetic skin disorder
Parsec, an astronomical measure of distance
Path connected, a concept in mathematical topology where two points are linked with a path
Phosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid
Photonic crystal, a photonic band gap material
Polycarbonate, a plastic polymer
Propylene carbonate, a polar organic solvent
Posterior commissure, brain landmark commonly used in biomedical image processing
Progressive contextualization, a scientific method
Pubococcygeus muscle
post cibum (Latin for "after meals"), a medical prescription shorthand
Pyruvate carboxylase, an enzyme in the TCA cycle
Law, politics, and business
Philippine Constabulary, a defunct police force of the Philippines
Police Constable, a police rank used in Britain and some Commonwealth countries
President's Counsel (Sri Lanka), a legal position in Sri Lanka
Principal Consultant, a management consulting position
Privy council, a body that advises the head of state of a nation
Privy councillor, a member of a privy council
Prime cost or variable cost, items that a client hasn specifically selected at the time of the contract but the builder or trades person has made an allowance for in the total price
Process control, a statistics and engineering discipline that deals with architectures, mechanisms, and algorithms
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Profit centre
Probable cause
Transport and places
Pacific Coast
Panama City, the capital of Panama
Panama City, Florida
Park City, Utah
ISO 3166 country code for the former Pacific Islands Trust Territory
Pitcairn Islands: FIPS PUB 10-4 territory code
The Penn Central railroad in the United States
Patrol craft, a small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence duties
Patrol, Coastal, a US Navy hull classification symbol
Port Charlotte, Florida
Pacific Centre, shopping mall in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
PC Hooftstraat, a well-known street in Amsterdam, Netherlands
People
Pierre Cardin (born 1922), fashion designer
Pat Carroll (disambiguation)
P. Chidambaram (born 1945), home minister of India
Paul Chambers (19351969), jazz bassist known as "Mr. PC"
Phil Collins (born 1951), English musician
Pat Condell (born 1949), atheist comedian
Product identification
PC, a specific type of Mazda C engine
President's Choice, a private label brand of Loblaw Companies Limited
Production code number, a designation used to identify television episodes
Tandy Pocket Computer, one of a small line of computers from Radio Shack made in the early 1980s
Organizations
Political parties
Plaid Cymru, a Welsh nationalist political party
Various Canadian parties of the central right, such as
Progressive Canadian Party, Canada's new progressive conservative party
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta, a conservative political party of the Canadian province of Alberta
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, a now-defunct Canadian centre-right conservative political party
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, a conservative political party of the Canadian province of Ontario
Porozumienie Centrum, now-defunct Polish right-wing political party
Many Communist parties in languages with a different word order (see List of Communist parties; Partido Comunista (disambiguation)
Educational institutions
Phoenix College, a community college in Phoenix, Arizona
Port Credit Secondary School in Mississauga, Ontario.
Presbyterian College, in Clinton, South Carolina
Providence College, a private four-year Catholic college in Providence, Rhode Island
Pembroke College, Oxford, a constituent college of the University of Oxford
Physique-Chimie, short for ESPCI, an engineering school in France
Port Charlotte High School in Port Charlotte, Florida
Other
Presbyterian Church (USA), a Christian denomination
Population Connection, a Charity Organization
Protes'tant Conference, a loose association of Lutheran churches and churchworkers
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Ultima VII
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Gameplay
Game system
The character paper dolls and inventory management in Serpent Isle. All containers in this case, character backpacks and a drawer in the room - can be opened and items can be moved or equipped by dragging and dropping. (Exult screenshot) stainless steel solar garden light
Ultima VII introduced major changes in the Ultima series. The most important change is that, as far as the player is concerned, the world is no longer tile- and grid-based; tiles are still used internally (in a largely improved way where the tiles themselves are smaller and frequently grouped), but they no longer affect character and monster movement or the item placement the same way. The maps are also more visibly multi-layered, and objects and things can be stacked on top of each other. This can also affect movement, and be part of puzzles; some places are inaccessible unless the player stacks items to form stairs. hydroponic grow lights
The game is the first in the series that is entirely mouse-driven, with optional keyboard hotkeys for some common actions. This is in contrast to earlier parts that were entirely keyboard-driven, and to Ultima VI which supplemented keyboard commands with on-screen command icons. While in Ultima VI, the player has to specifically use a "move" command to move an item from place to place, or "drop" to drop it on the ground, in Ultima VII, items are simply dragged and dropped in their desired locations. While the game could be played entirely with a keyboard, doing so is very difficult, and in-game characters would recommend the player use a mouse. oil lamp burner
Ultima VII introduces "gumps", on-screen representations of containers, later also used in Ultima VIII and IX. For example, clicking on a drawer or backpack will show the contents of the container on screen, allowing the items within arranged freely with the mouse. Gumps are also used for books, scrolls, the spellbook, the status display, maps, and character equipment management; double-clicking on the Avatar opens his or her inventory, after which the inventories of other party characters can be opened by double-clicking them in turn. In Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle, the inventory view uses a paper doll concept: equipping items will change the character inventory display to show the worn or held items in place.
Another major change is that the game is now completely real-time, and only pauses when the inventory, the menu, or a dialogue is open, significantly affecting combat. The combat system was changed accordingly: every party character is controlled by artificial intelligence (AI), and the desired behavior can be chosen for each character (for example, stronger characters can be ordered to attack the big monsters, while weakened characters can be ordered to flee), and there is also the option to choose manual control for the Avatar. Even when the combat is real-time and AI-controlled, using items is still possible; for example, the game pauses while the player picks and uses the item from the backpack. The AI is not perfect, but it saves the player the need to micromanage up to eight different characters in battle.
Dialogue in Ultima VII. (Exult screenshot)
Ultima VII: The Black Gate is the first game in the mainline Ultima series to use dialogue trees. The first trilogy only allowed simple interaction while the second trilogy used a keyword-based dialogue. Ultima VII retains the old keywords themselves, but uses a dialogue tree where dialogue options are picked with a mouse rather than entered on keyboard; previously, the players had to learn a keyword from other dialogues, which allowed the player, if so desired, to find out the keyword from other sources (such as walkthroughs). Now, the keywords only appear when they are actually learned beforehand in the game due to the plot. (For example, "thief caught" dialogue option won't actually appear until a thief is actually caught.) The game also features a lot more dialogue than the previous parts; most of the characters have extensive dialogues.
Game world
The gameworld of both games is renowned for its interactivity: virtually everything not nailed to the ground can be moved, taken, or interacted with in some fashion. It is possible, for instance, to bake bread, to forge weapons, to milk cows, to play musical instruments, and even to change a baby's swaddling. The Avatar and his companions will complain of hunger pains and severe thirst, and will even die if these matters are not attended to eventually. If they come across a disgusting or gruesome scene, they may groan and vomit; strong alcoholic beverages can also induce vomiting.
Both parts of Ultima VII allow free exploration of the game world, featuring a main plot and several other major subquests and tasks for the player to complete. Ultima VII: The Black Gate is a relatively open-ended game where following the main plot is less integral to the play, while Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle is stricter when it comes to the plot, is more quest-oriented and only becomes open-ended toward the end of the game. The Black Gate is highly nonlinear; although there is a linear storyline, this is countered by the ability to explore the map in any order when coupled with the many sub-quests, including one that parodies Star Trek: the Next Generation
Ultima VII features less emphasis on behaving 'virtuously' than other installments in the Ultima series. The Avatar can steal and murder to his or her heart's content, without making the game impossible to finish. However, the game simulated a society that sticks to some of the virtues: the NPCs either the party members or the people of Britannia react to killings of innocents and stealing whenever they became aware of it; party members may leave the group if they witness too much bloodshed and larceny and will refuse to join the party until the player redeems his- or herself. Also, in The Black Gate, the Guardian sometimes mocks the player when he commits a criminal act.
In Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle, however, not even the companions take issue with theft or murder - the only punishment for such behavior is if characters outside the party witness it. As the world of Serpent Isle does not emphasize the virtues the way Britannia does, guards will sometimes ask for bribes from the Avatar if the player is caught stealing or murdering; bribing the guards was last possible in the game Ultima III.
The Black Gate features a deed system, where the Avatar must purchase and carry a title to any horse-and-carriage or ship that he or she wishes to board. The Serpent Isle does not have this deed system; instead ships, barges, and the Serpent Gates are all triggered by the plot.
Part One: The Black Gate
Ultima VII: The Black Gate (1992) is the first part of the game.
Plot
The game begins with what appears to be the game introduction on the Avatar's own computer screen. Suddenly, the screen is filled with static, and a red creature who calls himself The Guardian proclaims:
Avatar! Know that Britannia has entered into a new age of enlightenment! Know that the time has finally come for the one true Lord of Britannia to take His place at the head of His people! Under my guidance, Britannia will flourish. And all the people shall rejoice and pay homage to their new... Guardian! Know that you, too, shall kneel before me, Avatar. You, too, shall soon acknowledge my authority - for I shall be your companion... your provider... and your master!
The Orb of the Moons glows, and the Avatar finds that a red moongate has appeared behind the house. The Avatar thus returns to Britannia through the moongate, and arrives in Trinsic, where he meets Iolo. Iolo tells him that two centuries have passed since he left. The whole town is shocked due to a ritualistic murder that occurred the preceding night - the body of the blacksmith Christopher was found in the stable. Finnigan, Mayor of Trinsic, asks the Avatar to investigate the incident.
In Trinsic, the Avatar gets to meet several members of a new religious organization called the Fellowship. Eventually, in Britain, he meets Batlin, one of the founders of the Fellowship. He also meets Lord British, who urges the Avatar to join the Fellowship, which, according to him, has done a lot of good things. It also turns out most of the mages of the realm have gone completely insane without any good explanation, and their magic doesn't work as it should.
Most of the game is composed of the Avatar's investigation of the Fellowship and the Trinsic murders. During the game, the Avatar finds more and more clues that implicate the Fellowship in shady dealings; more murders appear on the way, and the Avatar himself goes undercover by entering the Fellowship. His quest takes him to most of the cities and towns of Britannia, including Minoc, a destroyed Skara Brae run by a liche, Yew, Moonglow and Bucaneer's Den.
The Avatar eventually learns of an astronomical alignment of importance that is supposed to happen very soon, and about the three evil Generators that the Guardian has created, which have been causing most of the problems of the land. After destroying them, he and his companions follow several leads to the Isle of Avatar, where members of the Fellowship are waiting. The Fellowship has fashioned a black moongate out of blackrock on this island to allow the Guardian to enter Britannia when the astronomical alignment happens.
The Avatar confronts the Fellowship members and defeats them. As the astronomical alignment begins and the Guardian starts to loom behind the moongate, the Avatar destroys the gate just in time, preventing the Guardian from entering Britannia. As the moongates had been rendered useless by the destruction of one of the generators, the Avatar has to remain in Britannia, with no means to return to Earth.
Development
Elements of Ultima VII are inspired by game creator Origin Systems' conflicts with competitor (and later owner) Electronic Arts. Origin Systems' corporate slogan was 'We Create Worlds', while the main antagonist of the story - The Guardian - is presented as a 'Destroyer of Worlds'. The three evil 'Generators' created by The Guardian in the game took the physical shapes of the contemporary Electronic Arts Logo: a cube, a sphere, and a tetrahedron. Elizabeth and Abraham, two apparently benevolent characters who later turn out to be murderers, have the initials "E" and "A".
The Black Gate was released in English, German, French and Spanish.
Reception
The first release of the game pre-dates the ESRB, and as such, was not rated by them. The game credits do include the warning "Voluntarily rated MP-13 (For Mature Players)". The game credits have been made to look as movie-like as possible, with all of the standard disclaimers and elements found in movie end credits. The credits, notoriously, also included the mention that a soundtrack CD is available from Origin, while it actually wasn't until 1993 (as Origin Soundtrack Series volume 2); Ultima VII Part 2: Serpent Isle credits actually said "Soundtrack CD NOT available from Origin, so don't ask!"
Ultima VII: The Black Gate and Forge of Virtue were reviewed in 1993 in Dragon #191 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 4 out of 5 stars.
When it was later released on CD as the Complete Ultima VII it was rated T for Teen by the ESRB for "Animated Blood and Gore, Animated Violence".
Forge of Virtue expansion
Box cover for Ultima VII: Forge of Virtue expansion, depicting The Black Sword
Forge of Virtue was an expansion pack that adds a quest to Ultima VII in which the Avatar must pass a series of tests to revalidate himself in the three principles of Truth, Love, and Courage, and destroy the last remnants of Exodus.
With the expansion, an earthquake takes place at the beginning of the game. After speaking to Lord British about the tremors, the player will be given free use of a ship called The Golden Ankh, and can visit the Isle of Fire to begin the expansion subquests. The Isle of Fire was previously the site of Castle Exodus in Ultima III, and reappears only during this game.
The main plot of the subquests involves destroying the Dark Core, which contains the last remnants of Exodus. In order to do so, the Avatar must obtain three talismans of Truth, Love and Courage, by passing their respective tests. The concave and convex lenses from Ultima VI are also required to complete the quest.
The player is rewarded with a powerful weapon, The Black Sword, during the test of Courage. The Avatar also gains maximum strength, intelligence, and dexterity in the course of the tests, and after completing the quest, Lord British grants the player double strength on top of that. The Golden Ankh contains many extra supplies and the Avatar can use it for the rest of the game, making it unnecessary to purchase deeds from shipwrights.
In later releases of Ultima VII, this add-on was always included.
Part Two: Serpent Isle
Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle
Developer(s)
Origin Systems
Publisher(s)
Origin Systems
Designer(s)
Warren Spector, Richard Garriott
Engine
Ultima VII Engine
Platform(s)
DOS and others through Exult
Release date(s)
1993
Genre(s)
RPG
Mode(s)
Single Player
Rating(s)
ESRB: T (13+)
USK: 12+
Media
5.25" and 3.5" floppies; later releases on CD-ROM
Input methods
Keyboard and Mouse
Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle was released in 1993. While the Avatar destroys the Black Moongate that the Guardian was coming through, Batlin flees to Serpent Isle. The Warriors of Destiny pursue the rogue fanatic and find a strange land that has many very different customs than Britannia: a large, icy island, only lately recolonized by men, with many remains of an ancient culture where serpents played a central role.
This is the first game in the series to take place outside Britannia as it has been known since Ultima III. It is also more linear than the earlier parts unlike the earlier games where the order in which quests were completed was of little concern, the new approach makes it possible to give the game a more carefully plotted storyline, while at the same time somewhat limiting the player's choice. Additionally there are few optional sub-quests; every objective somehow ties into the main quest.
Serpent Isle is the same location as the Lands of Danger and Despair, originally featured in Ultima I. As the character of Shamino was a lord here in Ultima I, more of his backstory is presented, and part of the game involves visiting his old castle.
Since most of the game's code was recycled from The Black Gate, it was decided not to call it Ultima VIII; Richard Garriott had stated in interviews around 1988 that no two Ultimas shared the same source code, unlike the then-competing The Bard's Tale series, and he may have felt bound by this statement.
The Silver Seed expansion
The Silver Seed expansion adds the Silver Seed story arc to the game, in which the party visits a subterranean keep in the ancient civilization of Serpent Isle (centuries in the past, during the war between the two sects of Ophidians). The Avatar is given an amulet by the Xenkan Monks when he or she first visits Monk Isle (either by death or by physically going there), and after using this amulet at one of the Serpent Gates, the subquest begins.
Powerful magic items, including a keyring, a ring of unlimited reagents, and an enchanted belt can be found in this area and in nearby dungeons. In later releases of the game, the expansion pack was included, and both games and expansions were released as The Complete Ultima VII.
The Silver Seed expansion was not properly finished due to a rushed release by Electronic Arts; the story told in the expansion does not properly conclude, nor does it seem to 'connect' with the larger plot of Serpent Isle outside of a few incidental 'framing' elements.
Versions and releases
The various parts of Ultima VII have been published in at least the following forms:
Ultima VII: The Black Gate (1992) The original release, available on 5.25" and 3.5" floppies.
Ultima VII: Forge of Virtue (1992) The original release, available on 5.25" and 3.5" floppies.
Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle (1993) The original release, available on 5.25" and 3.5" floppies.
Ultima VII Part Two: The Silver Seed (1993) The original release, available on 5.25" and 3.5" floppies.
Ultima VII: Complete Edition (1993) Has both games and both expansion disks, available on 3.5" floppies only.
The Complete Ultima VII (1994) Has both games and both expansion disks, on CD-ROM.
Electronic Arts CD-ROM Classics: The Complete Ultima VII (1994) Budget release that has both games and both expansion disks, on CD-ROM. Aside of a brief installation and quick-start guide, no printed documentation or trinkets; all documentation is on CD-ROM in PDF format.
Ultima: The Black Gate (1994) The original SNES version.
Electronic Arts CD-ROM Classics: The Complete Ultima VII: Gold Edition (1996) Same as the 1994 release, but with gold-edged box.
In addition, it has been published as part of collections:
Origin Top Ten Pack Includes Ultima VII: The Black Gate. (pre EA buyout)
EA Compilation, bundled with some Creative Labs sound cards.
Ultima Collection (1996) Contains all cardinal Ultima games between Ultima I and Ultima VIII, and also Akalabeth.
Super Nintendo version
FCI / Pony Canyon published the SNES version of Ultima VII, simply titled Ultima: The Black Gate, which was created by a small team inside Origin Systems.
This version was largely different from original since the PC version of the game was a then-huge twenty megabytes, yet this translation could use only one megabyte of memory for all of the game data and program. The maps and many usable items and plotlines had to be redesigned from scratch, and the game program had to be rewritten entirely in assembly language.
The game was largely real-time action, similar to The Legend of Zelda series. The 'party' system was scrapped; instead, the Avatar journeyed alone. Also, the story was largely changed due to Nintendo of America's censorship policies at the time: instead of murders, the Avatar is asked to investigate kidnappings.
PSP version
In August 2006, GameSpot reported that Electronic Arts would be porting Ultima: The Black Gate (the SNES version of Ultima VII) to the PlayStation Portable as part of EA Replay. It was released in the United States on November 14, 2006.
Compatibility with modern systems and fan projects
This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2009)
Both parts of Ultima VII used a non-standard DOS memory management extension called Voodoo Memory Manager. This was not a typical DOS extender; therefore, Windows 95 and later are completely incompatible with the game in its original form, unless rebooted into DOS mode. The game can be run with fan-made patches in modern operating systems. The game is also playable in x86 DOS emulators such as DOSBox.
Exult is a cross-platform recreation of the Ultima VII engine, which allows the game to be played on modern machines and across different operating systems. Exult's array of tools have enabled fans to take the game apart and modify it. It has enabled several fan translation projects. Exult contributors have also expanded the game by enabling Serpent Isle paper doll graphics in Black Gate, and fixed some of the bugs and design flaws found in Serpent Isle, which were originally left in due to the rushed release. There are some features of the original game still to be implemented (for example, the way NPCs interact with the game world is not fully recreated) and some extra features added by the Exult team.
There have been a few projects to make Ultima VII fan remakes in other game engines, but so far the majority of these projects have not been successful.
See also
Usecode
References
^ Garriott, Richard. "Tabula Rasa: Questions and Answers". NCSoft. http://www.gamespot.com/pc/rpg/tabularasa/news.html?sid=6143760. Retrieved 2006-11-05.
^ Garriott, Richard. "Tabula Rasa Team Bios: Richard Garriott". NCSoft. http://www.playtr.com/team/team_bios.html#biosTop. Retrieved 2006-10-02.
^ MobyGames, , Retrieved December 7, 2009.
^ MobyGames, , Retrieved December 7, 2009.
^ GameSpy, , Retrieved December 7, 2009.
^ MobyGames, , Retrieved December 7, 2009.
^ The Trivial ULTIMA, Old Trivia Answers, Retrieved 29 October 2006.
^ For clarity, it should be noted that the Avatar character can be of either gender.
^ The Escapist: Issue 14, The Conquest of Origin, Retrieved 19 July 2007.
^ Underworld Dragon. "Audio". Collectible Ultima. http://www.notableultima.com/collectibles/Audio.html. Retrieved 2006-10-02.
^ Lesser, Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk (March 1993). "The Role of Computers". Dragon (191): 57-62.
^ MobyGames: Ultima VII: Part Two - Serpent Isle, , Retrieved 18 December 2009.
^ MobyGames: Ultima VII: Part Two - Serpent Isle, , Retrieved 18 December 2009.
^ Underworld Dragon. "Ultima VII". Collectible Ultima. http://www.notableultima.com/collectibles/Title_U7.html. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
^ Sinclair, Brendan (2006-08-31). "EA confirms retro Replay". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/news/6156902.html. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
External links
Ultima VII and Ultima VII Part Two on Origin/EA's Ultima Web Archive
The Conquest of Origin Background information on the Origin Systems / Electronic Arts conflict and takeover.
v d e
Ultima series
Main series
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX
Worlds of Ultima
The Savage Empire Martian Dreams
Ultima Underworld
The Stygian Abyss Labyrinth of Worlds
Other games
Akalabeth Escape from Mt. Drash Ultima Online Ultima V: Lazarus
Cancelled games
Ultima Worlds Online: Origin Ultima X: Odyssey
Developers
Chuck Bueche Dr. Cat Richard Garriott Herman Miller Warren Spector David R. Watson
Characters
Avatar Companions of Avatar Lord British Lord Blackthorn Mondain General list
Locations
Britannia Britannia Manor Worlds of Ultima Online
Other topics
Exult Usecode Virtues
Categories: 1992 video games | 1993 video games | DOS games | Open world video games | Role-playing video games | Super Nintendo Entertainment System games | Ultima | Video game sequels | Video games with expansion packs | Video games with oblique graphicsHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from August 2009 | All articles needing additional references
Guigal
China Suppliers
History
Guigal was established in 1946 by tienne Guigal, who had worked for Vidal Fleury for 15 years before setting up his own business. It has been managed by his son Marcel Guigal since 1961. In 1984, Guigal bought Vidal Fleury but continues to operate it as a separate business. In 2000, Guigal bought and absorbed two other wineries: the estate Jean-Louis Grippat in Saint-Joseph and the Domaine de Vallouit, with vineyard holdings in Cte-Rtie, Hermitage, Saint-Joseph and Crozes-Hermitage, which added some high-end vineyards in other appellations to the Guigal range. In 2006 the Domaine de Bonserine was purchased by Guigal. In recent years, Marcel's son Philippe Guigal has been active as a winemaker at Guigal.
Guigal, under Marcel Guigal, came to international fame in the early- to mid-1980s when Robert M. Parker, Jr. followed by other wine critics heaped praise on Guigal's top Cte-Rtie wines, in particular the three single vineyard wines La Mouline, La Landonne and La Turque. Parker comments that "In the past 26 years I have spent visiting wineries and vignerons, I have never seen a producer so fanatical about quality as Marcel Guigal." This attention contributed to the Rhne wines' improved international fame in general, and in particular led Cte-Rtie to be seen more on par with Hermitage than in previous times. This also meant that the top Cte-Rtie wines increased in price to reach and later follow and sometimes surpass that of the top Hermitage wines. In 2006 Marcel Guigal was awarded the Decanter Man of the Year award for his contribution and dedication to the Rhne. dog feeding station
Wines and vineyard holdings natural dog shampoo
Four bottles of Guigal wine showing the different label designs. The two bottles on the left carry the standard Guigal label and the two bottles on the right are high-end wines with individual label designs. pet stroller carrier
Guigal produces a wide range of wine of all colours from both northern and southern Rhne appellations. These wines are sold under the appellation's name with similar-looking wine labels across the range.
The high-end wines, on the other hand, have individual labels of very varying design and mostly carry vineyard designations, sometimes an official lieu-dit and sometimes Guigal's own designation. These wines are only produced from Guigal's own vineyards.
Guigals total vineyard holdings is slightly over 45 hectares (110 acres), of which around half is in Cte-Rtie.
Of the 25,000 cases of wine typically made in the Condrieu appellation each vintage, around 45% is produced by Guigal.
Cte-Rtie wines
The Cte-Rtie wines, for which Guigal is most famous, are produced on three quality levels:
Brune et Blonde de Guigal (previously known as just Brune et Blonde), the basic Cte-Rtie carrying the names of the Cte Brune and Cte Blonde parts of the appellation, and featuring a standard Guigal label. Typically a blend of 4% Viognier and 96% Syrah.
Chteau d'Ampuis, a blend of six vineyards of Cte Brune and Cte Blonde, and priced between the Brune et Blonde and the vineyard-designated wines. Typically a blend of 7% Vigonier and 93% Syrah. Produced since the 1995 vintage, it is named after the 11th century fort and historical monument in Ampuis that was purchased in 1995, restored and setup as Guigal headquarters.
La Landonne, a vineyard-designated wine made from 100% Syrah, and therefore often the most tannic of the three top wines. Produced since the 1978 vintage.
La Mouline, a vineyard-designated wine from a parcel inside the lieu-dit Cte Blonde. Typically a blend of 11% Vigonier and 89% Syrah and therefore often the most floral of three top wines.
La Turque, a vineyard-designated wine from a parcel inside the lieu-dit Cte Brune. Typically a blend of 7% Vigonier and 93% Syrah and often described as intermediate between La Landonne and La Mouline in style.
For the vineyard Cte-Rties, Guigal has received more 100 point ratings by Robert M. Parker than any other single wine producer. As of 2009, this meant 21 wines, consisting of seven vintages of La Landonne (1985-2005), nine vintages of La Mouline (1976-2005), and five vintages of La Turque (1985-2005).
Other high-end wines
Condrieu La Doriane, from the three lieux-dits Cte Chatillon, Colombier and Coteau de Chry.
Condrieu Luminiscence, a sweet Condrieu only produced in some vintages.
Ermitage Ex Voto red, from old vines in the four lieux-dits Bessards, Greffieux, Murands and Hermite. 100% Syrah. Produced since the 2000 vintage.
Ermitage Ex Voto white, from old vines in the two lieux-dits Murets (90% of the wine) and Hermite (10% of the wine). Typically a blend of 90% Marsanne and 10% Roussanne. Produced since the 2001 vintage.
Saint-Joseph Lieu-dit Saint-Joseph red. 100% Syrah.
Saint-Joseph Lieu-dit Saint-Joseph white. Typically a blend of 95% Marsanne and 5% Roussanne.
Saint-Joseph Vignes de l'Hospice red. Produced from a formerly church-owned vineyard that was divided between the two estates of Grippat and Vallouit before it was bought by Guigal. 100% Syrah. Produced since the 1999 vintage and priced higher than the Lieu-dit Saint-Joseph wine.
References
^ a b c d e Jancis Robinson, ed (2006). "Guigal". Oxford Companion to Wine (Third Edition ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-19-860990-6.
^ WineAnorak - Spotlight on Cte Rtie
^ a b c Parker, Robert (2005). The World's Greatest Wine Estates. Simon & Schuster. pp. 361. ISBN 978-0-7432-3771-0.
^ a b J. Molesworth "Guigal Sets Price Record for Rhne" Wine Spectator, Feb 8th, 2007
^ Wine Spectator - E. Guigal Buys Neighboring Domaine de Bonserine
^ Guigal: The Estate, accessed on January 6, 2010
^ Jancis Robinson - News from Ampuis
^ Guigal: The Vineyard, accessed on January 6, 2010
^ Guigal: The Wines - Cte-Rtie Brune et Blonde de Guigal, accessed on January 6, 2010
^ Jefford, Andrew (2006). The New France. Mitchell Beazley. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-84533-000-2.
^ Guigal: The Wines - Cte-Rtie "Chteau d'Ampuis", accessed on January 6, 2010
^ Syrah du Monde - Chateau of Ampuis
^ Guigal: The Estate - Page 3
^ Guigal: The Wines - La Landonne, accessed on January 6, 2010
^ Guigal: The Wines - La Mouline, accessed on January 6, 2010
^ Guigal: The Wines - La Turque, accessed on January 6, 2010
^ eRobertParker, accessed on January 6, 2009
^ Guigal: The Wines - Condrieu - "La Doriane", accessed on January 6, 2009
^ Guigal: The Wines - Condrieu - "Luminiscence", accessed on January 6, 2009
^ Guigal: The Wines - Ermitage red - "Ex-Voto", accessed on January 6, 2009
^ Guigal: The Wines - Ermitage white - "Ex-Voto", accessed on January 6, 2009
^ Guigal: The Wines - Saint-Joseph red - "Lieu dit Saint-Joseph", accessed on January 6, 2009
^ Guigal: The Wines - Saint-Joseph white - "Lieu dit Saint-Joseph", accessed on January 6, 2009
^ Guigal: The Wines - Saint-Joseph red - "Vignes de l'Hospice", accessed on January 6, 2009
External links
Official website
Categories: Wineries of France
London Fire Brigade equipment
China Suppliers
Dual-Purpose Pump Ladder
Dual-Purpose Pump Ladder
A Dual-Purpose Pump Ladder (DPL) is the standard type of firefighting vehicle used by the London Fire Brigade. There are approximately 170 in operation across the city, and are deployed to all emergency calls made to the brigade. thermal arc welder
The standard London fire engine has 13m and/or 9m ladder extensions, eight 18m lengths of hose reel tubing, four 23m lengths of 45mm hose, ten 23m lengths of 70mm hose, cutting equipment, a portable generator, a lightweight portable pump, water-packs, inflatable air bags, road signs, floodlights, a medical kit, hose ramps, general tools, chemical suits, breathing apparatus, and more. For stations with two DPLs, one will be a 'pump' and the other a 'pump ladder', both carrying a short extension ladder and cat ladder for climbing roofs. The pump carries the 9m ladder, the pump ladder carries the 13.5m, whilst the stations with only one DPL will carry both. wave solder machine
DPLs weigh in at around 11.2 tonnes, and are approximately 7.7m long, 2.3m wide and 3.2m high. They carry 1,365 litres of water, and have a pumping capacity of 3,910 litres per minute. brazing machine
Between 2002 and 2007 a brand new fleet of 216 Mercedes-Benz Atego vehicles were delivered to fire stations, training centres and driving schools throughout London with new TVAC/Plastisol bodywork. These were to replace the fleet of older Volvo FL6.14s with Saxon Sanbec bodywork.
All fire engines and fireboats also now carry improved first aid equipment, including defibrillators. The introduction of the improved first aid capability and training known as Immediate Emergency Care (IEC) will mean that as part of normal firefighting duties firefighters attending incidents will be even better prepared to treat casualties who need immediate medical care until paramedics can take over.
Aerial Ladder Platform / Turntable Ladder
Aerial Ladder Platform
Turntable Ladder
The LFB uses two main types of aerial appliances, the Aerial Ladder Platform (ALP) and the Turntable Ladder (TL).
The fleet consists of four TLs and seven ALPs, with five more ALPs kept spare as reserves, and one used at the Brigade's training centre in Southwark.
The ALP platform can carry up to four firefighters and reach a height of 32m; a monitor in the cage can deliver up to 2400 litres of water per minute.
Fire Rescue Unit
Rescue Unit
A Fire Rescue Unit (FRU) is a special type of rescue vehicle used by the London Fire Brigade.
The FRUs are equipped with heavy lifting, winching, cutting and pulling tools, floodlighting, longer duration breathing apparatus (vital for rescuing people from tunnels deep underground) and portable generators and other specialised equipment. FRU crews are specially trained and equipped to handle complex rescues, including those from road and rail accidents, water, mud and ice, urban search and rescue incidents such as collapsed buildings, chemical spills and difficult rescues at height.
Nine of the Brigade existing fleet of Fire Rescue units were successfully mobilised to the London bombings of 7 July 2005 and since then the LFB has upped its number of FRUs from 10 (including one reserve) to 16.
Command Unit
A Fire Brigade Command Unit, or Command Support Unit, will be summoned to any incident that has more than four fire crews on scene and is a vehicle from which senior officers can control the incident, and have the latest computer and radio technology fitted to allow them to do this, including two large plasma screens (one inside, one outside) for viewing footage or CCTV of the ongoing situation with a 6m mast and generator.
There are nine (one reserve) of these vehicles placed at strategic locations across London so that one can reach any incident within 20 minutes. A fundamental advantage of specialised Command Units is to accommodate the many different types of communication equipment needed at major incidents. In addition to the wide range of radio frequencies used, the brigade often need to communicate via through landlines and mobile telephones as well as send and receive information via satellite links and CCTV.
Fire Investigation Unit
A Fire Investigation Unit (FIU) attends fires and incidents where the cause is thought to be suspicious, and is crewed by specially-trained experts, acting in assistance to police investigations.
Acton and East Ham stations each have two of these FIUs, while New Cross station has three.
In addition, New Cross is also the base of the London Fire Brigade's only Fire Investigation Dog van. This unique vehicle is manned by members of the Arson Response Team and can transport one of the brigade's four specially-trained search dogs. At the scene of incidents, a fire investigation dog wears specialist protective 'fire wellies' on his or her paws to guard against injuries from broken glass or hot material. The dogs can detect minute quantities of hydrocarbon accelerants within minutes. This procedure would normally take a human fire investigator - using specialist equipment - hours before samples can be taken away for scientific evidence.
Operational Support Unit
New Operational Support Units (OSUs) became operational in 2008, each costing 43,800.
Six of these vehicles are based at specially-designated Operational Support Stations, being Ealing, Finchley, Lee Green, Stratford, Sutton and Wandsworth. A seventh OSU is stored as a reserve. OSUs provide initial emergency attendance, taking specialist supporting equipment, such as a large quantity of breathing apparatus, to incidents.
A number of palletised and transferable loads are stored at the Operational Support Stations. These pallets can then be requested by incident commanders as required, and would be loaded on to the OSU to be taken to the fireground.
Bulk Foam Unit
A Bulk Foam Unit is a demountable pod carrying a 3,000-litre foam tank and twenty 25-litre foam cans.
The brigade may summon a Bulk Foam Unit to incidents that require a large amount of foam for firefighting operations. An example would be a plane crash or chemical fire where a major foam attack would be undertaken.
The LFB currently operates three of these vehicles citywide, which are based at Barking, Finchley and Sutton fire stations. However, three new foam vehicles are under development to provide a new method of foam concentrate delivery to incidents. The vehicles will transport a variety of fuel firefighting media and application equipment in 1,000-litre containers or on 1-tonne pallets. These are intended to be deployed individually from the transporter via a forklift truck, and transported around the fireground as required.
Hose Layer Unit
A Hose Layer Unit is a demountable pod which is mounted on a Volvo chassis.
The vehicle houses large-capacity high-pressure hose wagons and responds to incidents where hydrants or other water sources are not close enough to the fireground and firefighters are hampered by a lack of water. The vehicle will lay out its hose at the nearest hydrant or open source then drive to the fireground with the hose laying off the back.
Upon arrival it will connect to a standard appliance to supply it with the water needed for the firefighting operations.
There are four of these citywide, based at Beckenham, Romford, Southgate and Richmond stations.
Incident Response Unit
Incident Response Unit
An Incident Response Unit (IRU) is a British government-supplied decontamination vehicle that was introduced in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks as part of the New Dimension scheme for equipping UK brigades with extensive disaster response vehicles for any major catastrophe or terrorist attack.
A forklift truck is mounted on the rear of the lorry, and is used to remove the equipment cages from the curtain-side.
Equipment includes disrobe and rerobe packs for before and after casualty decontamination; 48 gastight suits; tent structures raised by hot-air blowers; decontamination showers powered by a water boiler and supplied by a submersible pump (decontaminated water is dammed); a telescopic lighting unit; mobile data transmission; GPS mapping and radiation monitoring devices.
High Volume Pump
A High-Volume Pumping Unit (HVPU) is a large fire appliance supplied by the British government to UK fire brigades, as part of the New Dimension scheme to help better-equip the fire services to respond to large-scale disasters and terrorist attacks.
It carries a submersible pump, supplying water from any open source to the fireground, a generator that pumps up to 8,000 litres a minute (twice as much as a typical standard fire engine), a hose box module, and ancillary equipment.
London currently has nine of these HVPUs.
Outside of London, these vehicles proved invaluable in response to the UK floods in 2007.
Urban Search and Rescue
As part of the British government's New Dimension scheme following the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks on US cities a range of specialised fire and rescue vehicles were supplied to fire brigades around the UK.
These include the Incident Response Unit, High Volume Pumping Units, and a range of other Urban Search & Rescue vehicles.
The first USAR "module" is primarily for building collapse rescue. It is a heavy-rescue truck carrying apparatus to gain access to and explore voids/spaces after a structural collapse, as well as binoculars, digital cameras, core drills, electrical tools, angle grinders, search cameras, communications equipment, life detectors, timber cutters, and lighting.
Another type of USAR module is a truck carrying a black Bobcat multi-purpose vehicle for removing debris from a disaster site and disposing of this onto the truck. As well it carries a large inflatable tent for sheltering equipment.
Finally, a flatbed lorry carrying ten tonnes of C16-grade timber can used to support unstable structures that may collapse.
Scientific Support Unit
Scientific Support Units (SSUs) are specialised vehicles carrying a vast amount of chemical monitoring equipment.
Purchased in late 2005 following the 7 July suicide bombings, an SSU can attend a wide range of incidents, including chemical spills and fires, where early on-site scientific analysis and monitoring will speed up the detection process and allow the Brigade and other emergency services to provide the correct response for the particular incident.
Until their arrival, the brigade had not been able to adequately undertake enhanced scientific analysis for chemical, biological and radiological testing at the scene. These durable and future-proof vehicles are fully upgraded to respond to a range of incidents including those where forensic fire investigators request the use of a mobile facility to enhance both public and firefighter safety.
The only two of these vehicles in the brigade are stationed at Poplar and Hammersmith.
Fireboat
London's two Fireboats are called Fireflash and Firedart, both based at the Lambeth River station. Firedart is used in daily operation, while Fireflash is reserved for training exercises and a spare.
They are used for a variety of incidents, such as people stranded in the River Thames, fires on boats, crashed boats, and riverside property on fire.
References
^ Press release about Immediate Emergency Care
^ Official press release about the fire investigation dog unit
^ Press release regarding the Scientific Support Units
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Saturday, April 24, 2010
Robert Ira Lewy
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This biographical article is written like a rsum. Please help improve it by revising it to be neutral and encyclopedic. bath salts bulk
Robert Ira Lewy, M.D., F.A.C.P. (born October 16, 1943) is an American doctor who has conducted research on aspirin therapy in heart disease and allergic phenomena in recipients of silicone breast implants. wholesale sea salt
Career bulk bath salts
Lewy graduated magna cum laude in 1964 from Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, majoring in Biology. He was awarded the Roberts Prize in Biology, and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society. He then matriculated at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After one year, he took a leave of absence and was selected as a PhD candidate at the Princeton University Department of Graduate Studies doctoral program in Religion. There he was selected as a Woodrow Wilson scholar, and a William J. Fulbright Scholarship runner-up.
Returning to medical school, he graduated in 1971 from University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with a Doctor of Medicine degree. His Internship was served at the Philadelphia General Hospital, now defunct, in Philadelphia, and his Residency at the Mercy Catholic Medical Center in Philadelphia. He was then selected for a National Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood grant, and began a two-year Clinical and Research Fellowship in Hematology at the Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research of the Thomas Jefferson University of Philadelphia. His original research on the effect of aspirin on heart disease led to a period of prolific publishing in the scientific literature. He also held many hospital committee chairmanships, including Chairman, Infectious Disease ad Pharmacy Review Committee of The Woman's Hospital of Texas, Chairman, Credentials Committee, Women Hospital of Texas and Chairman, Tissue and Therapeutics Committee, The Woman's Hospital of Texas. He holds two board certifications (board-certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine as an internist and sub-specialist as a hematologist); he is a member of the American Board of Forensic Examiners (now known as the American College of Forensic Examiners, not a recognized board, but a membership organization), and a member, American College of Rheumatology. He was accepted as a Fellow of the American College of Physicians in 1983.
Lewy practiced clinical hematology and oncology in Houston, Texas from 1979 until 2005, except for a brief period working for the Cancer Treatment Centers of America/Tulsa. During this time he was Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, and the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. He served as a teaching physician at the St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital of Houston, where he was responsible for training interns, residents and fellows, and served the same function at the Ben Taub General Hospital in Houston on the Baylor College of Medicine Hematology service. His research on allergic aspects of silicone breast implants led to further scientific publications and book chapters during the mid 1990s as well as international scientific and governmental presentations, and peer recognition.
Silicone breast implants became a subject of much controversy in 1995, and Lewy was subpoenaed both as an expert witness in litigation, interviewed in the popular press and served as a court recognized expert in the Breast Implant Class Action settlement in what the New York Times referred to as a "medical rush to cash in." These implants were removed from the market by the United States Food and Drug Administration due to safety issues. Lewy's disagreement with the New York Times' characterization of the issue as a "rush to cash in" was published. In 1993, he lost his admitting privileges to The Methodist Hospital, while retaining full privileges at his other teaching hospitals including St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, as well as faculty appointments. The Methodist Hospital was the defendant in many breast implant cases, and the place where they were invented by Dr Frank Gerow, according to the article "Silicone City" in Texas Monthly magazine
In 1997, Dr. Lewy was reprimanded and required to pay an administrative penalty of $2,000 by the Texas State Board of Medical Examiners. The board's order noted that in 1993, Lewy "was excluded from the medical staff of The Methodist Hospital for inadequate medical record keeping." The Oklahoma Board of Medical Licensure and Supervision officially reprimanded Dr. Lewy in 2002 for "fraud obtaining license credentials". In the same year, Lewy agreed to a "censure and reprimand" and a $5,000 fine from the New York State Board for Professional Medical Conduct, stemming from the Texas and Oklahoma cases, although he had never practiced in New York.. State medical boards are permitted to consider issues occurring in another state as a cause to fine licensees in their own states. His license remains in good standing in Texas, California, Pennsylvania and New York, although currently they are inactive due to his retirement in 2005.
In 2006 he donated over $1 million dollars to Stuyvesant High School, his high school alma mater for the establishment of the Dr. Robert Ira Lewy Multimedia Center, to serve as the high school central academic research facility.
References
^ National Heart Lung Blood and Ischemia Investigator #5 T32 AM07084-04
^ Lewy, R.I., Kansu, E.: Prognostic Value of Platelet Counts in Idiopathic Sideroblastic Anemia; Blood; Sl:766-767; 1978.
^ Lewy, R.I., Smith, J.B., Silver, M.J., Wiener, L.J., Walinsky, P., & Saia, J.: Detection of Thromboxane B-2 in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Prinzmetal's Angina; Prostaglandins and Medicine; Vol. 2: 243-248; 1979.
^ Lewy, R.I., Smith, J.B., Silver, M.J., Saia, J., Walinsky, P., Wiener, L.: Detection of Thromboxane B2 in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Prinzmetal Angina. Clinical Research 27:462A, 1979.
^ Lewy, R.I., Wiener, L., Smith, J.B., Walinsky, P., Silver, M.J.: Intravenous Heparin Initiates In Vivo Synthesis Release of Thromboxane A-2 in Angina Pectoris; Lancet 2: 97; 1979
^ Wiener, L., Lewy, R.I., Walinsky, P., Lefer, A.M., Silver, M.J., Smith, J.B.: Thromboxane Release and Coronary Artery Disease Patients During Acute Myocardial Ischemia; Proceedings of the Florence International Conference on Myocardial Infarction; Vol. 1: 388-394; Excerpta Medica; Amsterdam; 1979 (Mason, D.T., Serneri, G.G., Oliver, M.F., Editors).
^ Lewy, R.I., Wiener, L., Smith, J.B., Walinsky, P., Silver, M.J., Saia, J.: Comparison of Plasma Concentrations of Thromboxane B-2 and Prinzmetal's Variant Angina and Classical Angina Pectoris; Clinical Cardiology; Vol. 2: 404-406; 1979.
^ Lewy, R.I., Wiener, L., Smith, J.B., Walinsky, P., Silver, M.J.: Measurements of Plasma Thromboxane in Peripheral Blood of Prinzmetal's Angina Patients; Circulation (Supp.) II: 248; 1979.(Presented November 15, 1979 at the Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, Anaheim, California).
^ Lewy, R.I., Kansu, E., Gabuzda, T.: Leukemia in Patients with Acquired Idiopathic Sideroblastic Anemia; An Evaluation of Prognostic Indicators; American Journal of Hematology; 6: 323-331; 1979.
^ Lewy, R.I., Bills, T.K., Dalton, J., Smith, J.B., Silver, M.J.: 19Hydroxyprostaglandin E and Infertility in Human Males; Prostaglandins and Medicine; 2: 367-372; 1979.
^ Lewy, R.I.: Thromboxane A-2 Release and the Injury-Spasm Hypothesis; Circulation; 62: 668; 1979(Letter).
^ Lewy, R.I., Effect of Elevated Free Fatty Acids on Thromboxane Release in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.Hemostasis; 9:134-140; 1980.
^ Lewy, R.I., Wiener, L., Lefer, A.M., Silver, M.J., Smith, J.B., Thromboxane Release During Pacing-Induced Angina Pectoris; Possible Vaso-Constrictor Influence on the Coronary Vasculature; Circulation; Vol. 61: 1165-1171; 1980.
^ Michael L.H., Lewy R. I. et al. Thromboxane B2 in Dog Cardiac Lymph.Clinical Research 1980
^ Lewy, R.I., Thromboxane Release During Pacing-Induced Angina, (Author's Reply); Circulation;63: 237; 1981.
^ Lewy, R.I., Michael, L.H.: Transmyocardial Platelet Behavior in CAD (Author's Reply); Circulation; 63: 969; 1981.
^ Lewy, R.I. Thromboxane in Ischemic Heart Disease; New England Journal of Medicine (Letter);305: 106; 1981.
^ Lewy R.I. Role des thromboxanes dans lngor spastique et dans lngor occlusif. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ischemia and Platelets. Editions de la Revue de Medecine. pp 57-60, 1982.
^ Lewy, R.I. Role of Thromboxanes in vasotonic versus vaso-occlusive angina. Archives des maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux. 76:13-16, 1983.
^ Davis, K. L., in The [Oklahoma City] Journal Record, August 4, 1999
^ Lewy, R.I. Laboratory Findings Reveal Potential Harm of Breast Implants. Texas Medicine. 89 (12), 1993
^ Preface, page x, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 210: Immunology of Silicones, M. Potter and N.R. Rose, eds, pages 337-352, Springer Verlag 1996. ISBN 3-540-60272-0
^ Lewy, R.I Autoimmune Markers and Imaging Abnormalities in Silicone Breast Implant Users. Clinical Research, 42(2), 275A, 1994
^ Autoimmune Disease and Collagen Dermal Implants. Annals of Internal Medicine, 120(6), 524-525, 1994
^ Lewy RI. Antinuclear Antibodies, Lipid Disturbances and Central Nervous System Imaging Abnormalities in Silicone Breast Implant Users. Journal of Investigative Medicine 43:333A, 1995
^ The New York Times, June 13, 1995 - A Case of Justice, or a Total Travesty?; How the Battle Over Breast Implants Took Dow Corning to Chapter 11
^ The New York Times, September 25, 1995 Letter to the editor from Lewy commenting on September 18, 1995 article]
^ Swartz M., Silicone City, Texas Monthly, August 1995.
^ Texas State Board of Medical Examiners, August 9, 1997 - In the matter of the medical license of Robert Ira Lewy, M.D.
^ Oklahoma Board of Medical Licensure and Supervision - Lewy, Robert Ira
^ New York State Board for Professional Medical Conduct, Order BPMC 03-11.
^ The Spectator, Volume XCVII, No 6, page 2, "Dedication Ceremony for the Lewy Multimedia Center Held".
Categories: American physicians | Living people | 1943 births | Franklin & Marshall College alumni | Princeton University alumni | University of Pennsylvania alumniHidden categories: Orphaned articles from February 2009 | All orphaned articles | Articles with a promotional tone | All articles with a promotional tone
Bernard Stone
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First Attempt at Elected Office
In 1956, at age 28, Stone ran in a multi-way race in the Democratic primary for the Illinois state House of Representatives from the 8th district, but was defeated by Esther Saperstein, who served in the Illinois House for 10 years and became Illinois' first woman state senator.
The Republican Years (1987-1990) samsung digimax a7
Alderman Stone announced he joined the Republican Party and his intention to run for Cook County Recorder of Deeds on Thursday, October 29, 1987. "I found the party I have supported since 1932 has changed completely," Stone said in a press conference. "The party I thought stood for all the people stands for special interests." Former Alderman and former Cook County Democratic chairman Edward R.Vrdolyak, a recent convert to the GOP ... encouraged Stone to become a Republican and to run for recorder. "I can no longer be part of a party [ Democratic Party ] that punishes law-abiding, tax-paying citizens and communities," Stone said. Stone, who is Jewish, said another factor in his switch was that "the Democratic Party is drifting away from America's historically strong commitment to Israel." By threatening to run for Chairman of the Republican Party of Cook County, and for Cook County State's Attorney, Vrdolyak brokered a deal to slate himself for Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and Stone for Cook County Recorder of Deeds. sony ericsson t600
First Attempt at Mayor unlocked flip phones
Less than a month later, Wednesday, November 25, 1987, Harold Washington, Chicago's first African American mayor, died suddenly in office. Under Illinois State law it fell to the Council to name a successor. The Aldermen caucused along racial lines, and, although one of just two Republican aldermen, Stone caucused with the white aldermen. Stone announcing his candidacy for Mayor to his caucus on Sunday, November 29, 1987 and to the public at a City Hall press conference at 10:00 AM on Tuesday, December 1, 1987. Few took Stone's candidacy seriously; many saw it as a publicity ploy for his Recorder race. Two days later Alderman Eugene Sawyer was selected to succeed Washington.
Race for Recorder of Deeds
In 1988 Stone ran as a Republican against Democratic Illinois State Representative Carol Moseley Braun, who is black, for Cook County Recorder of Deeds. Stone told reporters he didn't expect their newspapers to endorse him. "Just run a picture of Braun," Stone said. "That's all I ask." Disappointed that few people were focusing on the racial factor in the recorder's election, Stone went for the backlash vote by taking the politically unusual step of featuring Braun's photograph in his own campaign literature. Stone was soundly defeated by Braun and contributed to a sweep of Cook County offices by Democrats.
Second Attempt at Mayor
In 1989 Stone unsuccessfully sought the Republican slating for Mayor of Chicago, to run against Democrat Richard M. Daley. Daley, who is white, succeeded Eugene Sawyer, who is black, as Mayor, and in 1990 Stone returned to the Democratic Party.
More Recent Events
In 2000, Stone apologized for slavery during a debate on slave reparations[citation needed].
In 2003, Stone's son, Jay, launched an unsuccessful attempt to unseat 32nd Ward Alderman Theodore Matlak. Stone publicly supported Matlak, calling his son "an embarrassment" who "doesn't know what he's doing." Despite Jay Stone's overwhelming defeat at the polls, father and son reportedly are still on good terms.
In 2006, Stone voted against an ordinance entitled "AMENDMENT OF TITLE 4 OF MUNICIPAL CODE OF CHICAGO BY CREATION OF NEW CHAPTER 404 ENTITLED "LARGE RETAILERS"", popularly known as the "Living Wage Ordinance" or "Big Box Ordinance", a measure supported by organized labor which would have required large retail stores to pay a $10 per hour minimum wage. Weeks later, Stone successfully championed a pay raise for the Chicago City Council which will up each alderman's salary to more than $100,000 per year over the course of the next four years. These two votes were criticized by the Independent Voters of Illinois Independent Precinct Organization (IVI-IPO).
In March 2007, an area near Stone's office was vandalized with antisemitic graffiti.
Sleeping in Council Chambers
A photograph of Stone asleep in Council Chambers during a hearing on limiting cell phone use while driving ran on the front page of the Chicago Sun-Times on January 14, 2004. "Some aldermen have a tendency while they're thinking to close their eyes and that may register with their constituency as not paying attention or, perhaps, even sleeping during the session," Stone later explained. Stone fell asleep at his desk in Council Chambers in City Hall during the City Council's Finance Committee debate on the controversial parking meter lease on December 3, 2008, in full view of the press, and was photographed by the press. Stone was videotaped sleeping during a Finance Committee hearing on transparency of the City's tax increment financing program on March 16, 2009.
Political philosophy
"You take care of the people who take care of you - you know, the people who voted for you," Stone said. "That's not Chicago politics, that's Politics 101."
Committees
Stone serves on seven committees: Budget and Government Operations; Committees, Rules and Ethics; Finance; Historical Landmark Preservation; Housing and Real Estate; Traffic Control and Safety; and Zoning. Alderman Stone also serves as the Chairman of the Building Committee.
Personal life
Stone's favorite foods are Reese's peanut butter cups and bacon.
References
^ Kanady, Johnson (1956-01-19). "FILE PETITIONS OF CARPENTIER AND CHAPMAN :Governor's Papers Expected Today". Chicago Daily Tribune: p. a5.
^ HOWARD, ROBERT (1956-02-26). "13 DEMOCRATS SCRAMBLE FOR SEATS IN 8TH; Republicans Unopposed, in Primary". Chicago Daily Tribune: p. 10.
^ HOWARD, ROBERT (1956-04-12). "12 LOSE SEATS IN CONTESTS FOR ASSEMBLY". Chicago Daily Tribune: p. 10.
^ Quinlan, Jim (1988-05-18). "Ex-legislator Esther Saperstein dies". Chicago Sun-Times.
^ Dold, R. Bruce; Crawford, Jan (1987-10-30). "ALD. STONE TO RUN FOR RECORDER AS REPUBLICAN". Chicago Tribune: p. 7.
^ Neal, Steve (1987-10-30). "Ald. Stone joins GOP, plans to run for recorder". Chicago Sun-Times: p. 19.
^ Herrmann, Andrew (1987-11-01). "Vrdolyak, Stone slated by GOP". Chicago Sun-Times: p. 7.
^ Fremon, David (1988). Chicago Politics Ward by Ward. Indiana University Press. pp. 343353. ISBN 0253313449.
^ Neal, Steve (1988-11-08). "Stone's tactics are unlikely to dim Braun's rising star". Chicago Sun-Times: p. 2.
^ Spielman, Fran (1988-11-10). "Ex-Dems are blamed for GOP county losses". Chicago Sun-Times: p. 12.
^ Dold, R. Bruce; Seigel, Jessica (1988-12-06). "DALEY? MAYORAL FIELD TRIES TO LOOK AWAY". Chicago Tribune: p. 4.
^ "The return of the prodigal Stone". Chicago Tribune: p. 14. 1990-12-10.
^ Joravsky, Ben (2004-05-20). "Stone Rocks the Boat". Chicago Reader. http://www.cantv.org/052004.htm.
^ "UNFINISHED BUSINESS", Chicago City Council Journal of Proceedings: 8306183070, 2006-07-26, http://www.chicityclerk.com/citycouncil/journals/072606meeting/22UnfinishedBusiness/pgs83061-83072.pdf
^
^ Black, Bob (2004-01-14). "Do you blame him?". Chicago Sun-Times.
^ Spielman, Fran (2004-01-14). "See Council in action - or at rest - on the Net". Chicago Sun-Times: p. 14.
^ Arnold, Tony (2008-12-03). "Your Leaders at Work". WBEZ Chicago Public Radio. http://blogs.vocalo.org/tarnold/2008/12/your-leaders-at-work/767. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
^ "Berny Stone: Your Tax Dollars At Rest". Progress Illinois. 2009-03-17. http://www.progressillinois.com/2009/3/17/berny-stone-sleeps. Retrieved 1009-10-31.
^ "Ald. Berny Stone "rests his eyes"". YouTube. 2009-03-16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1i8Byhb3gc. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
^ Zekman, Pam (2009-10-29). "How Do Aldermen Spend Their 'Piggy Bank' Money? Munoz Accused Of Hoarding Funds For Park While Some Residents Demand Improvements". CBS 2 Chicago. http://cbs2chicago.com/investigations/BGA.2.Investigators.2.1280133.html. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
^ Newbart, Dave (2007-11-20). "Friends, family and city aldermen turn out to help mark 80th birthday". Chicago Sun-Times.
External links
Bernard L. Stone political campaign website
The 50th ward's page on the City of Chicago Website
"Committee of One: Berny Stone don need no stinking quorum" Mick Dumke, Chicago Reader, December 15, 2006
"The $75,000 Parking Spot" Ben Joravsky, Chicago Reader, April 28, 2006
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