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The days of buy a new language Mobile Do not throw no pressure appeared Huaping, take after-sale testing center several times, and the result is Mobile Be "human damage", it warned in his own pocket to have to repair it so that consumers Yu chest endless. Before this newspaper reported, "not squeeze not fall, mobile phone experience with a day of language" is man-made damage, "" article, the day the first time language mobile phone manufacturers contacted Yu, and recommended Mr. Yu to another day of sale specified in language service center for testing. But the final test results will still be "human damage", and know nothing about the Yu mobile phone technology can not help wondering, you said that man-made damage on the man-made damage to it? Is it business phone identification results the final say? This does not become a cell phone business, "not only as athletes, but also when the judge" it? In addition to factory designated testing organization, to provide Shanghai Mobile with no third-party quality control inspection agency?
Reporter has learned that the current quality problems when consumers experience mobile phones, and business service centers detected as "human damage", the manufacturers often refuse to identify the result for the consumer warranty. However, as most mobile phone manufacturers to specify the testing agency or commission, and not a third-party testing organization, testing center with after-sales service often does not provide a detailed test report, no wonder consumers will question the impartiality of its detection.
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"For the first time I went to test center, he (English phone-day inspection staff) looked at with the eyes said, 'man-made damage', the second to them (day language) Specific detection points, one on the admissibility written the 'maintenance of way: human damage', or there is not any detailed explanation, I want to know that I did not squeeze pressure, in the end it is how man-made damage on their own testing ... ... I really can not trust! " Yu told reporters.
-Day language is the answer to the press, the associated mobile inspectors have detected are "man-made damage." But the reporter asked, "day language should show that cell phone for the 'man-made damage' of the evidence, or there is no reason to refuse to provide warranty services for consumers," the request, as of press time, day language has given no reply.
Phone industry Bruce Lee told reporters that the majority of mobile phones currently available test points are commissioned by the manufacturers Proxy , The existence of mixed phenomenon, the consumer's interests. In such cases, the consumer better by relevant state departments to find third-party accreditation body.
Reporter from the Shanghai Bureau of Quality Supervision, 12,365 product quality complaints and reports, Centre understand that Mr. Yu's case is not the case, the complaint on the phone after-sales service are not uncommon in the 12365. But the reporter also understand that the Shanghai Bureau of Quality Supervision commissioned by a third party inspection station can not determine whether man-made damage phone in the end, 12,365 current handling of such incidents or mediation to consumers and manufacturers. Meanwhile, the Shanghai Inspection Station on the public telephone switch cell phone only "access permits" to determine the true and false, do not detect mobile phone quality.
Damaged in the end mobile phone or cell phone quality is inherent in man-made problems, if there is no way related departments to detect, it is really only by mobile phone manufacturers inspectors have the final say it? Manufacturers judging criteria and where is it? Yu hopes to find just the future of third-party testing platform for the real defenders of consumers, but also allow consumers to "eat boring loss" little things happen.
Monday, July 5, 2010
Mobile "human damage" can only be challenged businesses have the final say - cell phones, artificial damage, businesses - telecommunications industry
"The pain of big powers" to decrypt lock industry development in China - locks, metal - metal industry
HC Hardware Network China has become the world's largest Lock Producing and consuming countries?? This is an indisputable fact. Currently, the domestic lock industry reached 40 billion yuan with annual sales of more production capacity more than 2 billion units, with exports more than 10 billion yuan. Experts predict, the future market of China will continue to lock more than 20% a year growth rate. But unfortunately, China is a big country lock, but not the power locks, those expensive "foreign" lock mostly produced in Europe, the United States and Japan.
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High-end products become mainstream Know the best place is undoubtedly the lock locks exhibition. Annual session of China International Hardware Show?? "Cologne International Hardware Show" to promote strong domestic exhibitors locks up, do show most experienced one of the show. Especially this year, special event set up locks and the exhibition pavilion. According to the organizing committee the personnel, the organization of this year's show time on September 16 to 18 days, held in place in Shanghai New International Expo Center, the current exhibition of Chinese enterprises lock enthusiasm. Business registration from the table, see exhibits an array of locks: a variety of door locks, anti-theft lock, Lock , Magnetic locks, luggage locks, furniture locks, padlocks, lock device, access control and other types of mechanical locks, and the induction lock, Fingerprint lock , Digital lock, tone control locks, magnetic locks, magnetic locks, locks the cathode, anode and other electronic smart lock lock.
"At present, the domestic production of medium and low market lock lock products. As the lock industry is labor-intensive industry, the entry barrier is low, not high degree of specialization, high-end product range is very rare." The organizing committee officials said. Competition in the domestic low-end products
already white-hot end of last year, the China National Hardware Association annual meeting, a lock manufacturer, has been anxiously on the author said: "As raw material prices, labor costs, and increasingly The more competition, new technologies and new products, so our days more and more sad, how unthinkable tomorrow. "
There are those planning a "domestic export sector," the company was Financial After the crisis hit, the domestic demand to take the express train to business to the door, but found that once proud business management is no advantage in the country. After all, followed a low-end line, and those already in the domestic market, exploiting the boundary of the ancestors Shangju exhausted, not to mention they, then who would like to highlight the existing boundaries of the profile, easier said than done?
Lost and of course have to find a vista of the road. Soon the Review, found that high-end market, the landscape is still good, great room, huge profits and fascination in the looming attractive cake.
"In fact, the lock industry, a new round of technological competition has been opened, high tech development trend of high-end products significantly." One exhibitor said, "In recent years, with residential Car , The backbone of high-grade office building and hotel-based industries such as rapid development and national defense, public security, finance and other preventive lock system on the highly increasing demand for products. Because of the high-end locks high technology content, more prominent humane, personalized features, so a higher profit products. Lock generation of products with faster, high-end market lock lock will gradually become the mainstream. "
Calorimeter
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The world first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine the heat evolved in various chemical changes; calculations which were based on Joseph Black prior discovery of latent heat. These experiments mark the foundation of thermochemistry.
A calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. The word calorimeter is derived from the Latin word calor, meaning heat. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal microcalorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters are among the most common types. A simple calorimeter just consists of a thermometer attached to a metal container full of water suspended above a combustion chamber.
To find the enthalpy change per mole of a substance A in a reaction between two substances A and B, the substances are added to a calorimeter and the initial and final temperatures (before the reaction started and after it has finished) are noted. Multiplying the temperature change by the mass and specific heat capacities of the substances gives a value for the energy given off or absorbed during the reaction. Dividing the energy change by how many moles of A were present gives its enthalpy change of reaction. This method is used primarily in academic teaching as it describes the theory of calorimetry. It does not account for the heat loss through the container or the heat capacity of the thermometer and container itself. In addition, the object placed inside the calorimeter show that the objects transferred their heat to the calorimeter and into the liquid, and the heat absorbed by the calorimeter and the liquid is equal to the heat given off by the metals. acrylic spray paint
Adiabatic calorimeters tung oil finish
An Adiabatic calorimeter is a calorimeter used to examine a runaway reaction. Since the calorimeter runs in an adiabatic environment, any heat generated by the material sample under test causes the sample to increase in temperature, thus fuelling the reaction.
No adiabatic calorimeter is truly adiabatic - some heat will be lost by the sample to the sample holder. Examples of adiabatic calorimeters are:-
THT EV-Accelerating Rate Calorimeter
HEL Phi-Tec
A simple Dewar flask
Systag FlexyTSC a successor of their SIKAREX unit - the electronics of which could be used to apply a feedback system to heat the sample holder to give a result closer to true adiabaticy, however as the sample holder is an open ended glass tube, one soon loses the sample as a great deal of smoke.
Reaction calorimeters
Main article: Reaction calorimeters
A reaction calorimeter is a calorimeter in which a chemical reaction is initiated within a closed insulated container. Reaction heats are measured and the total heat is obtained by integrating heatflow versus time. This is the standard used in industry to measure heats since industrial processes are engineered to run at constant temperatures. Reaction calorimetry can also be used to determine maximum heat release rate for chemical process engineering and for tracking the global kinetics of reactions. There are four main methods for measuring the heat in reaction calorimeter:
Heat flow calorimetry
The cooling/heating jacket controls either the temperature of the process or the temperature of the jacket. Heat is measured by monitoring the temperature difference between heat transfer fluid and the process fluid. In addition fill volumes (i.e. wetted area), specific heat, heat transfer coefficient have to be determined to arrive at a correct value. It is possible with this type of calorimeter to do reactions at reflux, although the accuracy is not as good.
Heat balance calorimetry
The cooling/heating jacket controls the temperature of the process. Heat is measured by monitoring the heat gained or lost by the heat transfer fluid.
Power compensation
Power compensation uses a heater placed within the vessel to maintain a constant temperature. The energy supplied to this heater can be varied as reactions require and the calorimetry signal is purely derived from this electrical power.
Constant flux
Constant flux calorimetry (or COFLUX as it is often termed) is derived from heat balance calorimetry and uses specialized control mechanisms to maintain a constant heat flow (or flux) across the vessel wall.
Bomb calorimeters
Bomb calorimeter
A bomb calorimeter is a type of constant-volume calorimeter used in measuring the heat of combustion of a particular reaction. Bomb calorimeters have to withstand the large pressure within the calorimeter as the reaction is being measured. Electrical energy is used to ignite the fuel; as the fuel is burning, it will heat up the surrounding air, which expands and escapes through a tube that leads the air out of the calorimeter. When the air is escaping through the copper tube it will also heat up the water outside the tube. The temperature of the water allows for calculating calorie content of the fuel.
In more recent calorimeter designs, the whole bomb, pressurized with excess pure oxygen (typically at 30atm) and containing a known mass of sample (typically 1-1.5 g) and a small fixed amount of water (to absorb produced acid gases), is submerged under a known volume of water (ca. 2000 ml) before the charge is (again electrically) ignited. The bomb, with sample and oxygen, form a closed system - no air escapes during the reaction. The energy released by the combustion raises the temperature of the steel bomb, its contents, and the surrounding water jacket. The temperature change in the water is then accurately measured. This temperature rise, along with a bomb factor (which is dependent on the heat capacity of the metal bomb parts) is used to calculate the energy given out by the sample burn. A small correction is made to account for the electrical energy input, the burning fuse, and acid production (by titration of the residual liquid). After the temperature rise has been measured, the excess pressure in the bomb is released.
Constant-pressure calorimeter
A constant-pressure calorimeter measures the change in enthalpy of a reaction occurring in solution during which the atmospheric pressure remains constant.
An example is a coffee-cup calorimeter, which is constructed from two nested Styrofoam cups having holes through which a thermometer and a stirring rod can be inserted. The inner cup holds the solution in which of the reaction occurs, and the outer cup provides insulation. Then
where
Cp = Specific heat at constant pressure
H = Enthalpy of solution
T = Change in temperature
W = mass of solute
M = molecular mass of solute
Differential scanning calorimeter
Main article: Differential scanning calorimetry
In a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), heat flow into a samplesually contained in a small aluminium capsule or 'pan's measured differentially, i.e., by comparing it to the flow into an empty reference pan.
In a heat flux DSC, both pans sit on a small slab of material with a known (calibrated) heat resistance K. The temperature of the calorimeter is raised linearly with time (scanned), i.e., the heating rate dT/dt = is kept constant. This time linearity requires good design and good (computerized) temperature control. Of course, controlled cooling and isothermal experiments are also possible.
Heat flows into the two pans by conduction. The flow of heat into the sample is larger because of its heat capacity Cp. The difference in flow dq/dt induces a small temperature difference T across the slab. This temperature difference is measured using a thermocouple. The heat capacity can in principle be determined from this signal:
Note that this formula (equivalent to Newton's law of heat flow) is analogous to, and much older than, Ohm's law of electric flow: V = R dQ/dt = R I.
When suddenly heat is absorbed by the sample (e.g., when the sample melts), the signal will respond and exhibit a peak.
From the integral of this peak the enthalpy of melting can be determined, and from its onset the melting temperature.
Differential scanning calorimetry is a workhorse technique in many fields, particularly in polymer characterization.
A modulated temperature differential scanning calorimeter (MTDSC) is a type of DSC in which a small oscillation is imposed upon the otherwise linear heating rate.
This has a number of advantages. It facilitates the direct measurement of the heat capacity in one measurement, even in (quasi-)isothermal conditions. It permits the simultaneous measurement of heat effects that are reversible and not reversible at the timescale of the oscillation (reversing and non-reversing heat flow, respectively). It increases the sensitivity of the heat capacity measurement, allowing for scans at a slow underlying heating rate.
Safety Screening:- DSC may also be used as an initial safety screening tool. In this mode the sample will be housed in a non-reactive crucible (often Gold, or Gold plated steel), and which will be able to withstand pressure (typically up to 100 bar). The presence of an exothermic event can then be used to assess the stability of a substance to heat. However, due to a combination of relatively poor sensitivity, slower than normal scan rates (typically 2-3/min - due to much heavier crucible) and unknonwn activation energy, it is necessary to deduct about 75-100C from the initial start of the observed exotherm to suggest a maximum temperature for the material. A much more accurate data set can be obtained from an adiabatic calorimeter, but such a test may take 2-3 days from ambient at a rate of 3C increment per half hour.
Isothermal titration calorimeter
Main article: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
In an isothermal titration calorimeter, the heat of reaction is used to follow a titration experiment. This permits determination of the mid point (stoichiometry) (N) of a reaction as well as its enthalpy (delta H), entropy (delta S) and of primary concern the binding affinity (Ka)
The technique is gaining in importance particularly in the field of biochemistry, because it facilitates determination of substrate binding to enzymes. The technique is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to characterize potential drug candidates.
X-ray microcalorimeter
Main article: X-ray astronomy
X ray microcalorimeter diagram
In 1982, a new approach to non-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, based on the measurement of heat rather than charge, was proposed by Moseley et al. (1984). The detector, and X-ray microcalorimeter, works by sensing the heat pulses generated by X-ray photons when they are absorbed and thermalized. The temperature increase is directly proportional to photon energy. This invention combines high detector efficiency with high energy resolution, mainly achievable because of the low temperature of operation. Microcalorimeters have a low-heat-capacity mass that absorbs incident X-ray (UV, visible, or near IR) photons, a weak link to a low-temperature heat sink which provides the thermal isolation needed for a temperature rise to occur, and a thermometer to measure change in temperature. Following these ideas, a large development effort started. The first astronomical spacecraft that was designed, built and launched with embarqued cryogenic microcalorimeters was Astro-E. NASA as well as ESA have plans for future missions (e.g., IXO) that will use some sort of micro-calorimeters.
Heat-loss calorimeter
Work in Progress comments welcome
Cross-section view of a heat-loss calorimeter. The heat developed inside the cell is collected by the inner copper cup. Then, it flows through the silicone-rubber which serves as a thermal resistor and the outer copper cup, to the flowing water surrounding the outer copper cup.
High-energy particle calorimeter
Main article: calorimeter (particle physics)
In particle physics, a calorimeter is a component of a detector that measures the energy of entering particles.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Calorimeters
Enthalpy
Heat
Calorie
Heat of combustion
Calorimeter constant
References
^ THT EV-ARC
^ HEL Phi-Tec
^ Systag FlexyTSC
^ IXO X-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer
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Laboratory equipment
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Flasks
Bchner Erlenmeyer Fleaker Florence Retort Round-bottom Schlenk Volumetric
Tubes
Boiling NMR Test Thiele Thistle
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See also Instruments used in medical laboratories
Categories: Measuring instruments | Laboratory equipment
Development of Watchmen
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Pre-production
Failed projects
In August 1986, producer Lawrence Gordon acquired the film rights to Watchmen for 20th Century Fox, with producer Joel Silver working on the film. Fox asked author Alan Moore to write a screenplay based on his story, but when Moore declined the studio enlisted screenwriter Sam Hamm. On September 9, 1988, Hamm turned in his first draft, but said that condensing a 338-page, nine-panel-a-page comic book into a 128-page script was arduous. He took the liberty of re-writing Watchmen's complicated ending into a "more manageable" conclusion involving an assassination and a time paradox. Fox put the film into turnaround in 1991, and Gordon set up the project at a new company, Largo International, with Fox distributing the film. Although Largo closed three years later, Fox was promised that they would be involved if the project was revived. rimage cd printer
Gordon and Silver moved the project to Warner Bros., where Terry Gilliam was attached to direct. Unsatisfied with how Hamm's script fleshed out the characters, Gilliam brought in Charles McKeown to rewrite it. The second draft, which was credited to Gilliam, Warren Skaaren, and Hamm rather than McKeown, used the character Rorschach's diary as a voice-over, and restored scenes from the comic book that Hamm had removed. According to Watchmen artist Dave Gibbons, Silver wanted to cast Arnold Schwarzenegger as Dr. Manhattan. Filming was to take place at Pinewood Studios. Because both Gilliam and Silver's previous films, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen and Die Hard 2 respectively, went over budget, they were only able to raise $25 million for the film a quarter of the necessary budget. As a result, Gilliam abandoned the project, and ultimately decided that Watchmen was unfilmable. Gilliam explained, "Reducing [the story] to a two or two-and-a-half hour film [...] seemed to me to take away the essence of what Watchmen is about." When Warner Bros. dropped the project, Gordon invited Gilliam back to helm the film independently. The director again declined, believing that the comic book would be better directed as a five-hour miniseries. inkjet t shirt printer
"[Watchmen] was considered too dark, too complex, too 'smart'. But the world has changed [after the September 11, 2001 attacks]. I think that the new global climate has finally caught up with the vision that Alan Moore had in 1986. It is the perfect time to make this movie."
avid Hayter, in October 2001, on the project's timing
In October 2001, Gordon and Universal Studios signed screenwriter David Hayter to write and direct Watchmen in a "seven-figure deal". Hayter hoped to begin filming in early 2002, but did not turn in his first draft until July 2002. In May 2003, Hayter said he had Alan Moore's blessing on the film, despite Moore's disagreement with the project since its first incarnation. In July 2003, Watchmen producer Lloyd Levin announced the completion of Hayter's script, which he called "a great adaptation [...] that absolutely celebrates the book". Ultimately, Hayter and the producers left Universal over creative differences, and in October 2003, Gordon and Levin expressed interest in setting up Watchmen at Revolution Studios. The pair intended to shoot the film in Prague, but the project fell apart at Revolution Studios.
In July 2004, it was announced Paramount Pictures would produce Watchmen, and they hired Darren Aronofsky to direct Hayter's script. Gordon and Levin remained attached, collaborating with Aronofsky's producing partner, Eric Watson. Eventually, Aronofsky left to focus on The Fountain, and Paramount replaced him with Paul Greengrass, with a target release date of summer 2006. At this time, Simon Pegg was involved in negotiations to portray Rorschach, while Daniel Craig, Jude Law, and Sigourney Weaver were also interested in the film. Greengrass wanted Joaquin Phoenix for Dr. Manhattan. To publicize the film, Paramount launched a now-defunct Watchmen teaser website that had a message board as well as computer wallpaper available to download. Graphic artist Tristan Schane drew designs of Dr. Manhattan for the film, which depicted him with visible intestines. Gilliam read Greengrass's revision of Hayter's script and liked it, but told the director he did not think the studio would greenlight such a dark film. In March 2005, with rumors that high-profile projects, including Watchmen, were in danger of being cut, Paramount's CEO Donald De Line began urging a reduction in Watchmen's budget so the film could get the greenlight. When Brad Grey took over as Paramount CEO, Levin feared potential budget cuts, so he made plans to move the project outside the UK in an effort to save money. Before he could, Paramount placed Watchmen in turnaround, again.
In October 2005, Gordon and Levin began talks with Warner Bros., originally the second studio to be attached to Watchmen, and confirmed in December 2005 that Warner Bros. had picked up the film, but that Greengrass was no longer attached to direct. In addition, the film was marked as an "open writing assignment", which meant David Hayter's script would be put aside. Despite this change, Hayter expressed his hope that his script would be used by Warner Bros. and that he would be attached to direct his "dream project".
Successful development
After Warner Bros. officially became involved, the studio claimed that because Paramount had not fully reimbursed Universal for its development costs, Paramount had no legal claim over the film rights. Therefore, it would not be entitled to co-finance the film with Warner Bros. After negotiations between the studios, they agreed that Paramount would own 25% of the film and would distribute it outside North America. Impressed with Zack Snyder's work on the film 300, an adaptation of Frank Miller's comic book of the same name, Warner Bros. approached him to direct an adaptation of Watchmen. After spending a couple of weeks deciding whether he wanted to direct the film or not, Warner Bros. officially announced Snyder hiring on June 23, 2006, with Alex Tse attached to write the script. Drawing from "the best elements" from two of Hayter drafts, Tse script returned to the original Cold War setting of the Watchmen comic. Warner Bros. was open to keeping the 1980s setting, although less so to the R-rating that Snyder wanted; Snyder also decided to add a title montage sequence to introduce the audience to the alternate history of the United States that the film presented. Snyder kept the ending from one of Hayter's drafts, which simplified details of the conspiracy within the story, because he felt it would allow more screen time to explore characters' backstories.
"I didn't update [the 1985 setting] for a couple of reasons. I thought Nixon was important to the movie. He's not in the movie a lot, but [his presence] says a lot, [especially about] what a villain is. In the graphic novel, he's written with a lot of ambiguity of whether he's a bad guy or not. [Also] if you update this and make it about the war on terror, you're now asking me to make a comment of how I feel about the war on terror. This way, it's up to you how you decide to feel about it."
ack Snyder
Snyder said that he wanted the film to hold the same level of detail that was contained within the comic, with all of the easter eggs that were hidden within each frame of the comic panels. As such, Snyder used the comic book as his storyboard, travelling with a copy and making notes on its pages. Next to the novel, Snyder cited Taxi Driver and Seven as visual influences. To make the film more topical, Snyder emphasized the existing subplot concerning energy resources. Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman met with Snyder twice during the later stages of pre-production to further revise the script, although Snyder explained the script was merely a document for the studio, and it was his storyboards that were his true guide while making the movie. James Kakalios, author of The Physics of Superheroes, was also hired as a scientific consultant.
Production
Filming
Snyder hoped to have principal photography take place from Juneeptember 2007, but filming was delayed until September 17, 2007. Snyder wanted a $150 million budget, but Warner Bros. preferred the budget remain under $100 million; the film ultimately finished with a budget of approximately $120 million. The production took place in Vancouver, where a New York City back lot was built. Sound stages were used for apartments and offices, while sequences on Mars and Antarctica were shot against green screens. Sony Pictures Imageworks and Intelligent Creatures came on board to work on the visual effects for the film.
The Comedian's handguns on display at the 2008 Comic-Con
Comic book artists Adam Hughes and John Cassaday were hired to work on character and costume designs for the film. Costume tests were being done by March 2007. 300 associate producer Wesley Coller portrayed Rorschach in a costume test, which Snyder inserted into a trailer that accompanied the release of 300. Although he intended to stay faithful to the look of the characters in the comic, Snyder wanted Nite Owl to look scarier and Ozymandias to possess authentic Egyptian attire and artifacts. Ultimately, Oyzmandias, Nite Owl and Silk Spectre changed most from the comic, as Snyder felt "audiences might not appreciate the naivet of the original costumes. So, there has been some effort to give them a [...] modern look and not modern in the sense of 2007, but modern in terms of the superhero aesthetic". Costume designer Michael Wilkinson added that the costumes had to look realistic and protective, and that the Nite Owl costume should reflect Dan's interest in aerodynamics. The chain mail in his costume resemble a bird's feathers. Snyder also wanted the costumes to "comment directly on many of today modern masked vigilantes": The Ozymandias costume, with its molded muscles and nipples, parodies the costumes in Batman Forever and Batman & Robin. Throughout filming, Snyder also kept adding in dialogue to mention more of the characters' backstories so the film would be as faithful as possible.
Production designer Alex McDowell intended Nixon's war room to pay tribute to the war room in the film Dr. Strangelove. He also wanted Dr. Manhattan's apartment, which is inside his laboratory, to look like the work of Maison Jansen, explaining that "the powers that be, who know nothing about design, but needed [Manhattan] to feel like he was the most important guy in America". The apartment also echoes the film The Man Who Fell to Earth, with a book prop named Masterpieces in Paint and Poetry and a tennis courtroom with similar wallpaper. Set designers selected four Kansas City sculptors' works for use on the set of Dr. Manhattan's apartment, after discovering their works on the Internet. Filming ended on February 19, 2008.
Music
Main articles: Watchmen: Original Motion Picture Score and Watchmen: Music from the Motion Picture
Composer Tyler Bates began scoring Watchmen in November 2007. He planned to visit the shoot for a week during each month, and view assembly cuts of scenes to begin rough composing. Snyder and Bates listened to the soundtracks of 1980s films such as Manhunter, Blade Runner, and To Live and Die in L.A. for inspiration. Bates switched between a Yamaha CS-80 or an MOTM for moments that he felt should have more ambience or synthesizers. Snyder wanted a scene where Nite Owl and Silk Spectre rescue people from a burning building to have a more traditional superhero feel, so Bates implemented a four to the floor guitar rhythm. A 64-strong choir and the 87-piece ensemble from the Hollywood Studio Symphony were hired for the more orchestral themes.
The film uses some of the songs mentioned in the comic. Bates said the challenge was composing music that would transition effectively into these famous songs. One of the songs is "The Times They Are a-Changin'" by Bob Dylan from whom Snyder and Bates received permission to use the stems so the three-minute song could play over the six minute opening montage. My Chemical Romance, whose members are fans of the comic, covered Dylan's "Desolation Row" for the first half of the closing credits. The film also features two pieces from Philip Glass' score to 1982 film Koyaanisqatsi accompanying the birth of Dr. Manhattan.
Two albums, Watchmen: Music from the Motion Picture and Watchmen: Original Motion Picture Score were released on February 24, 2009 by Warner Sunset and Reprise Records. Additionally, a 12" vinyl picture disc was released on January 27, 2009. The A-side features My Chemical Romance's cover version of "Desolation Row", and the B-side features "Prison Fight" composed by Tyler Bates for the film's score. Both songs will also be featured on the Music From the Motion Picture and Original Motion Picture Soundtrack albums, respectively. A box set consisting of seven 7" picture disks was released on March 24, 2009. This set will also include My Chemical Romance performing "Desolation Row", as well as thirteen tracks from the Tyler Bates score.
Editing
Snyder's first cut of the film was three hours long. In keeping the film tight, Snyder dubbed himself "the gatekeeper" of the comic's easter eggs, "while [the studio] conspire to say, 'No. Length, length, length. Playability.' [...] I've lost perspective on that now, because to me, the honest truth is I geek out on little stuff now as much as anybody. Like, people will go, 'We've got to cut. You don't need that shot of Hollis Mason's garage sign.' And I'm like, 'What are you talking about? Of course you do. Are you crazy? How will people enjoy the movie without shit like that in it?' So it's hard for me." Snyder cut the film down to 162 minutes when he realized there was a way to further trim the film: the murder of Hollis Mason, the first Nite Owl, which "was easy without destroying the movie".
Moore and Gibbons' involvement
See also: Watchmen's publication and ownership
When 20th Century Fox acquired the film rights to Watchmen, the comic's writer Alan Moore was initially excited about the film adaptation. In a 1987 edition of Comics Interview, he revealed Sam Hamm, who was attached to write, visited him in Northampton for lunch and that he felt Hamm would provide an adaptation faithful to the comic's spirit. Ultimately, Hamm's script altered the ending, having Adrian Veidt die and Dr. Manhattan alter time so that Jon Osterman is not affected by the radiation. As a result, the remaining characters are teleported to the real world created as a result of time travel. In an interview with Variety's Danny Graydon, during Warner Bros.'s first possession of feature film rights for Watchmen, Moore changed his mind, adamantly opposing a film adaptation of his comic book. Moore felt that, contrary to others opinion, the comic book was not cinematic. When he was approached by Terry Gilliam on how to film the comic book, Moore stated that he "didn't think it was filmable". Moore clarified for Graydon, "I didn't design it to show off the similarities between cinema and comics, which are there, but in my opinion are fairly unremarkable. It was designed to show off the things that comics could do that cinema and literature couldn't."
In December 2001, Moore further explained his opposition, citing how a reader can take the time to absorb the character backgrounds, by having the option of turning back the pages so that they can connect elements they had just read to past elements, but that film forces you to watch the story at 24 frames per second. Moore's opposition to the film adaptation crystallized after the 2003 film version of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen was released, and he intends to give any resulting royalties from Watchmen to the comic's artist, Dave Gibbons. In Moore opinion, Hayter script was the closest anyone could get to the original comic, but added that he would not be going to see the film when completed. Moore said, "My book is a comic book. Not a movie, not a novel. A comic book. It's been made in a certain way, and designed to be read a certain way: in an armchair, nice and cozy next to a fire, with a steaming cup of coffee."
In November 2006, Zack Snyder said that he hoped to speak to Moore before filming, though the writer had sworn off involvement with film or television productions after his disagreement over the V for Vendetta film adaptation. Moore signed a deal to go uncredited on the film, and for his share of the income be given to Gibbons, as he had done on V for Vendetta. Before filming began, Snyder said, "[I] totally respect his wishes to not be involved in the movie." Moore expressed discontent over the choice of the director, saying that he "had a lot of problems" with the comic book 300 and that, while he had not seen it, he had heard that Snyder's film adaptation was racist, homophobic, and "sublimely stupid".
In an early interview with Entertainment Weekly's Ken Tucker, Watchmen artist Dave Gibbons said that he thought the time had passed to make a Watchmen movie. Gibbons felt that the window to make a Watchmen movie was during the success of the 1989 Batman film. When that time passed, Gibbons also told Neon magazine that he was "[] glad because it wouldn't have been up to the book". Gibbons felt it would probably be better adapted as a television series like The Prisoner. When given the opportunity, Gibbons enjoyed the script by Alex Tse. Gibbons gave Snyder some script advice, which the director accepted. He drew licensing art for the film, consulted on merchandise and the webcomics, publicizing the film with Snyder, and wrote a tie-in book about the creation of the comic, entitled Watching the Watchmen. Moore did not mind Gibbons' involvement and felt it did not have any impact on their friendship. Snyder asked Gibbons to draw up a storyboard for the film's altered ending, which the comics' colorist John Higgins also returned to work on. Gibbons believed watching the film on DVD would emulate flipping through the book, with viewers pausing or rewinding the film to catch details.
Litigation
On February 14, 2008, 20th Century Fox brought a lawsuit against Warner Bros. that alleged copyright infringement on the Watchmen film property. The studio believed it held the rights to produce the film, or at least distribute it, no matter how many studios Watchmen passed through, and sought to block its release. Warner Bros. said that Fox repeatedly failed to exercise its rights over various incarnations of the production. Through producer Lawrence Gordon, Fox had bought the rights to the comic book in 1986. Fox alleges that when it put the project into turnaround in 1994, a separate 1991 deal that transferred some of the rights to Gordon still gave them the option of distribution, sequel rights, and a share of the profits should it be made by any other studio. Fox's interpretation of the 1994 turnaround deal also meant that Gordon would not fully control the rights until the studio's development costsstimated by Fox at $1 millionad been reimbursed. Despite originally passing on the project, Fox also alleged that its agreement with Gordon contained a "changed elements" clause, meaning that if Gordon changed any of the key creative personnel on the film, Fox would have first option on participation, claiming that Gordon did not inform them of Snyder's joining the production in 2005.
Fox alleged that it contacted Warner Bros. before production began in 2005, and told the studio that it had violated Fox's 1991 and 1994 deals with Gordon. Warner Bros. claimed that it was originally unaware of either deal, and that in 2005 Fox had declined to produce the Hayter screenplay that formed the basis of the production. Warner Bros. also claimed that the 1994 deal did not cover distribution rights and had conferred upon Gordon all the rights he needed to take the film to Warner Bros. The studio's motion to dismiss the case in August 2008 was rejected by the judge.
On December 24, 2008, Judge Gary A. Feess granted 20th Century Fox's claim to a copyright interest in the film. An attorney for 20th Century Fox said that the studio would seek an order to delay the release of Watchmen. Producer Lloyd Levin revealed in an open letter that in 2005 both Fox and Warner Bros. were offered the chance to make Watchmen. Fox passed on the project while Warner Bros. made a deal to acquire the movie rights and move forward with development. An internal Fox email documented that executives at Fox felt the script was "one of the most unintelligible pieces of shit they had read in years". On January 15, 2009, the trade press reported that Fox and Warner Bros. had reached a settlement. Fox would receive a share of the box office, but no future ownership of the film. The settlement awarded Fox up to $10 million in development costs and legal fees, plus worldwide gross participation scaling from 5 to 8.5 percent.
References
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v d e
Watchmen
Creators
Alan Moore Dave Gibbons John Higgins
Adaptations
Film
Watchmen Film development Soundtrack Score
Other
The End Is Nigh Motion Comic
Characters
Characters of Watchmen Rorschach
Parodies
Saturday Morning Watchmen Watchmensch
Categories: DC Comics
Iron ore market is warming trend - iron ore, steel - iron and steel industry
China Suppliers
Complex as China's steel production enterprises, Iron ore Renewed warming trend in the market.
2009 1 8 , FMG (FortescueMetalsGroup, the Australian Stock Exchange code: FMG) announced in December 2008 iron ore sales hit a new record: in December to reach 2.6 million tons of iron ore output for So far the highest single-month sales of iron ore. Since May 2008 the first ship FMG iron ore sales to China since the company has accumulated now exported 14.8 million tons of high quality iron ore.
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turbine roof vent
FMG is Australia's emerging iron ore producer, currently 100% of iron ore sold to China.
Another iron ore producer Murchison Metals Ltd (MurchisonMetalLimited, the Australian Stock Exchange code: MMX) are January 7, 2009 that, due to the dramatic fall in iron ore stocks and spot prices from the low point gradually rose, the company's order book to its customers in Asia there is a clear improvement.
Previously, the world's third largest mining company Rio Tinto (RioTinto) has fully restored its Australian Pilbara (Pilbara) region of the iron ore production and operations.
2008 11 months, iron ore demand from China decreased gave its major iron ore producers should cut rush. The world's second largest mining company CVRD (Vale) and Rio Tinto were cut 30 million tons and 17 million tons, and massive layoffs. Some small-scale mining companies have much less than the price of cheap long co-disposal of the backlog of mining iron ore in exchange for cash flow.
Advisory body under the iron and steel, "the joint metal" of statistical data, to the end of December 2008, 19 coastal ports in China's iron ore stockpiles close to 74 million tons by the early November had fallen to a high 60.9 million tons, down nearly 18 %, iron ore port pressure pressure reduced significantly.
The same time, the Indian spot ore prices have also firmed nearly two months and gradually. "Joint metal" DU Wei told analysts, "Finance" press, the Indian spot ore prices in May 2008 to nearly 200 U.S. dollars once higher / t, but then in October 2008 from 150 U.S. dollars / ton dropped to less than 70 U.S. dollars / ton. Since November 2008 the Indian spot ore prices began to rebound, the current price of nearly 85 U.S. dollars / ton, basic and Brazilian ore prices were flat, but still lower than the price of Australian ore a long association.
Iron ore market rebound makes ongoing Iron ore talks More difficult. In the second half of 2008 the Chinese steel industry faced the "winter", the future Iron ore price Decline has become the industry consensus. China Steel Association, said the public can not accept a long association mining prices dropped only 20% or 30%.
"Iron ore talks still depends on the outcome of negotiations. At present, China stressed that China's crude steel output in 2009 will maintain the previous year's level, which means that no new iron ore demand. At the same time present a long association mining stock prices are still higher than mine. This will be China's iron ore negotiations, the two chips. "DU Wei to" financial, "told reporters.
Research institutions "My steel net" that China's crude steel output in 2002 to 2007 has maintained an average annual growth of 21.8%. But the financial crisis and economic downturn of the double drag, the high growth ceased suddenly in 2008. Estimated annual crude steel production in 2008 was 500 million tons, only 2.2% more than last year, while in 2009 China's steel industry will show high productivity, low demand, low production, low boom.