Dandelion Wine

Frbiz Site


Background and origins


As Bradbury writes in "Just This Side of Byzantium," a 1974 essay used as an introduction to the book, Dandelion Wine is a recreation of a boy's childhood, based upon an intertwining of Bradbury's actual experiences and his unique imagination.


Farewell Summer, the official sequel to Dandelion Wine, was published in October 2006. While Farewell Summer is a direct continuation of the plot of Dandelion Wine, Something Wicked This Way Comes, a novel with a completely different plot and characters, is often paired with the latter because of their stylistic and thematic similarities. Together, the three novels form a Green Town trilogy. A fourth volume, Summer Morning, Summer Night, published in 2008, contains twenty-seven Green Town stories and vignettes, seventeen of which have never been published before.
auto soap dispenser


Plot introduction
foam soap dispensers


Dandelion Wine is a series of short stories loosely connected to summer occurrences, with Douglas and his family as recurring characters. Many of the chapters were first published as individual short stories, the earliest being The Night (1946), with the remainder appearing between 1950 and 1957. For chapters which began as short stories, their original titles are given in parentheses below.


cover by Tom Canty of a reprint edition


Plot summary


Chapter 1 Douglas wakes up early on the first day of summer and performs an elaborate series of actions that coincide with the lightening of the sky and awakening of the townspeople. He does this in such a way that implies magic, thus setting the basis of the novel as collections of life events tinged with a degree of fantasy.


Chapter 2 (Illumination)ouglas goes with his ten-year-old brother Tom and his father to pick fox grapes. While Tom and his father act like today is just an ordinary day, Douglas senses an inexplicable presence around them. When Tom initiates a friendly rough-and-tumble fight between the two of them, Douglas suddenly realizes what it is: the revelation that he's alive. He finds it to be a glorious and liberating feeling.


Chapter 3 (Dandelion Wine) Dandelion wine is presented as a metaphor of summer here, bottled for the winter season of illnesses and wheezing. In Douglas' words: "Dandelion wine. The words were summer on the tongue. The wine was summer caught and stoppered."


Chapter 4-5 (Summer in the Air) Douglas discovers that his feet won't move as fast as that of the other boys because his sneakers are worn out. He becomes entranced by a pair of brand-new Cream-Sponge Para Litefoot Shoes in a shop window, and thinks on how the need for a "magic" pair of sneakers to run in the green grass is something only boys can understand when his father argues against buying another. The local shoe seller, Mr. Sanderson, is initially resistant to selling the sneakers to Douglas, especially since he doesn't even have enough money to pay for them upfront. Douglas, however, convinces him to try on a pair of his own sneakers, which triggers memories in Mr. Sanderson of when he was a kid and ran like the antelopes and gazelles. He agrees to let Douglas have the sneakers in return for work done by him in the shop to pay off the bill. The story ends with Douglas speeding away in the distance and Mr. Sanderson picking up his discarded old sneakers.


Chapter 6 Douglas shows to Tom a tablet that he is using to record his summer in, under two sections labeled "Rites and Ceremonies" and "Discoveries and Revelations." The contents are what would be expected for a kid, including a "revelation" that kids and grown-ups don't get along with each other because they're "separate races and 'never the twain shall meet.'" Tom suggests a revelation of his own; that night is created from "shadows crawling out from under five billion trees."


Chapter 7 (Season of Sitting) Another ritual of summer is accomplished with the setting up of the porch swing as a place for night-long conversation. Douglas comments on how sitting in the porch swing feels somehow "right" because one would always be comforted by the droning, ceaseless voices of the adults. In keeping up with the fantasy-tinged atmosphere of the novel, the chapter gradually shifts from a realistic beginning, in which the family is setting up the swing, to an almost dreamlike conclusion, in which the grown-ups' voices are personified as drifting on into the future.


Chapter 8-9 (The Happiness Machine) Leo Auffmann, listening to elderly people's gloomy and fatalistic conversations, insists that they should not dwell on such miserable topics. Douglas and his grandfather, passing by, suggest to Leo that he should make a Happiness Machine. After the conversing people laugh at this apparently absurd idea, Leo becomes determined to do just that. A brief scene of him returning to his family of six children indicates his happiness at home, exemplified when his wife Lena asks, "Something's wrong?" after Leo expresses his desire to build a Happiness Machine.


Chapter 10 (The Night) Interposed between Leo's story is another tale referring to Douglas' family. It starts out relatively uneventfully, with Tom running to Mrs. Singer's store to get ice cream at nine o'clock on the same night for him and Douglas. However, by nine-thirty, Douglas has not returned, which causes his worried mother to venture to the ravine with Tom. Tom, despite the darkness of the night, feels safe because he is holding his mother's hand and also because he has little understanding of Death. His sense of security, however, vanishes when he feels his mother's hand tremble and realizes that she is afraid, like him. The ensuing revelation that apparently unfazed grown-ups feel loneliness and pain too unnerves him and makes him aware of the darkness surrounding them. Just before he feels overwhelmed, Douglas and his friends return, breaking the spell of aloneness. Tom later tells Douglas that the ravine would not belong in Leo's Happiness Machine, thus contrasting the pleasures humans wish for with the realities they receive instead.


Chapter 11 (The Happiness Machineontinued) In a relatively short chapter, Leo sits with his wife Lena on the porch swing in the night. Lena tells him that they don't need a Happiness Machine, but Leo says that he's going to build the Machine for others that would cure all melancholy. He is greeted with only silence, but is too preoccupied with noting the sounds of nature that would belong in the Machine to notice this foreshadowing.


Chapter 12 (The Lawns of Summer) Another interception of Leo's story which re-focuses on the Spaulding family; Douglas' grandfather begins the day, happily reveling in the sound of the lawn mower running on their lawn, an indicator to him that summer has truly begun. Grandma, however, tells him that Bill Forrester, the man cutting their grass, is planning to plant new grass on their lawn that will only grow to a certain height, thus eliminating the need for lawn mowers. (Note: no such grass actually exists yet in the real world) Horrified at this, Grandpa gives Bill a firm lecture on how little things can matter more than the big ones, especially to experienced people like him. Bill attempts to change his mind, but only convinces Grandpa further of his position when he learns that the new grass will kill off the dandelions.


Grandpa finally pays Bill the cost of the grass flats in return for him not installing the flats in his lawn. He takes a nap and wakes up in the afternoon to find Bill cutting the lawn again, having learned to appreciate the "little things," thanks to Grandpa.


Chapter 13 (The Happiness Machine continued) Leo, still obsessed with creating the Happiness Machine, asks Lena if she is "pleased, contented, joyful, [or] delighted." Lena gives a sarcastic reply which offends Leo who is taking his goal seriously, and they get into an argument. The squabble ends only when Lena realizes that she's burned their dinner for the first time in twenty years.


Leo then spends several weeks toiling in his garage to build his Happiness Machine. During this time, the state of his family disintegrates, but Leo is too busy with his invention to pay attention to his wife's warnings.


At last, Leo completes his Happiness Machine. Ironically, the Machine turns out to cause misery instead of the expected bliss, causing both Saul, his son, and Lena to weep after sitting in it. Lena explains to him that a Happiness Machine cannot be built for humans because it would only give them everything they wanted all the time, and produce no fulfillment. Furthermore, it makes them pine for things they shouldn't even be thinking about, such as when a dancing stimulation in the Machine caused her to miss the times when Leo would take her out for dances, hence causing them to feel only unhappiness about their lives. Leo, still disbelieving, decides to take a test run in the Machine himself, but just as he is about to do so, the Machine catches fire, and burns down to the ground.


After the incident, Leo comments to Douglas and his father that he's been a fool because the real Happiness Machine has been right in front of him all along. He shows them his newfound Happiness Machine running in perfect order his family.


Chapter 14 As the Spaulding family prepares to shake out the rugs, Douglas and Tom's imaginations turn this chore into a magical discovery, fancying that they see the happenings and neighbors in their town in the stains of one rug. A lavish metaphor at the end of the chapter describes Tom beating the rug so hard that the dust rises up to meet him, another surrealistic chapter ending possibly a reference to the Judeo-Christian belief that man was created from dust.


Chapter 15-16 (Season of Disbelief) Mrs. Bentley, a seventy-two year old woman who saves all memorabilia from her past, finds her beliefs challenged by two girls named Alice and Jane, who meet her along with Tom and don't believe her when she says that she was young like them once. Claiming that she's lying, they run away laughing, leaving Mrs. Bentley infuriated.


The next time they meet, Mrs. Bentley shows them some of her relics, including a photograph of her as a child. Alice and Jane say that the objects don't prove anything, since she could have got them from another girl, and Mrs. Bentley's insistence that they will one day be old like her fails to unnerve them. They run away with her "stolen" possessions, further shaking Mrs. Bentley's confidence in the authenticity of her childhood. As she sifts through her memorabilia, she hears the voice of her husband speaking to her, explaining that the items don't really belong to her because they came from the past, not from the present she is living in now. Even affidavits wouldn't change the fact that she's no longer the self that the saved clothes and pictures were meant for.


Mrs. Bentley finally understands, and discards the tokens of her past the next day with the help of the girls and Tom. From then on, she lives in the present only, confirming the girls' belief that she was never young "in a million trillion years."


In a following chapter, Tom later tells Douglas of his revelation that old people never truly were young, which Douglas writes down in his tablet.


Chapter 17-18 (The Last, the Very Last) Douglas and Tom are introduced to a living "Time Machine" in the form of Colonel Freeleigh who narrates incredibly vivid descriptions of his personal experiences, including a fatal bullet trick performed by Ching Ling Soo, being on the prairie with Pawnee Bill, and witnessing the Battle of Fort Sumter. His anecdotes draw the boys themselves into the detailed events, and all agree that the colonel is a true Time Machine.


Similar to the previous story in Chapter 14, there is an expository chapter in which Douglas and Tom record the story in Douglas' tablet and provide both casual and profound commentary on its implications.


Chapter 19 (The Green Machine) Two elderly women, Miss Fern and Miss Roberts, take refuge in their attic after they accidentally run over Mister Quartermain while riding the Green Machine, believing him to be dead. Huddling together, they recall the time when they bought the Green Machine from a salesman as a noiseless, smooth form of transportation. The first week on the Green Machine went by like a dream, until the accident with Mister Quartermain. Fern and Roberts lament on how they did not stop or at least get help for him, and then resolve to not drive the Green Machine ever again. Later on, they learn that Mister Quartermain did not die after all.


Chapter 20 (The Trolley) Douglas is horrified to find out that yet another form of transportation for the summer is about to be gone; the trolley run by Mr. Tridden, which will have its tracks replaced with new ones for a bus. Mr. Tridden offers the children a free ride, and Douglas, Tom, and their friend Charlie take it. During the ride, they comment on how a bus cannot emulate the feel and smell of a trolley, further emphasized by use of gorgeous imagery to describe the sights the boys see while in the trolley. When the trip concludes, Douglas reflects on how he will always remember the trolley tracks, even after they have been buried in reality. In a humorous reversal, the somber meditation on the vanishing of the trolley is punctuated by a brief snippet of Douglas agreeing to a game of kick the can, abruptly ending the chapter on a lighthearted note.


Chapter 21-22 (Statues created for novel) Douglas' best friend John Huff is introduced and described in this chapter as the ideal boy to be friends with. John, however, tells Douglas that his family will be moving tomorrow. In response to Douglas' protests, John comments on how he has suddenly realized that he's taken so many things for granted in his neighborhood that he can't remember most of them, including his parents' faces, and on how he's afraid that Douglas will similarly forget him. Douglas assures him that he has a perfect memory of his face, but ruins his claim when he can't remember that John's eyes are green.


Douglas attempts to enjoy his last day with John, but keeps on being reminded of the diminishing amount of time before John's departure. He tries a last-ditch effort to keep John from leaving by "freezing" him for three hours when the children play statues. John refuses to play along and instead begins another round of Statues, in which he "freezes" Douglas instead just before he leaves for good. After he realizes that John is gone for good, Douglas, thinking of how statues stay still compared to humans who can't be controlled, yells out into the distance that he hates John.


Another expository chapter, this one the shortest yet at only one page, has Douglas asking Tom to promise that he will stay with him. He also says that he's concerned about how God runs the world, to which Tom replies simply, "He tries," most likely an accepting remark that life isn't perfect.


Chapter 23-24 Elmira Brown, a high-strung woman, believes that Clara Goodwater, her rival for the position of president for the Honeysuckle Ladies Lodge, is a witch who is causing her numerous small accidents, including tripping over objects in front of her. Elmira accuses Clara of performing dark magic on her to sabotage her chances in the election, using information from her mailman husband about a stack of books for magic spells that was sent to her house. Clara, in response, says that the books are for her younger cousin, and claims that Elmira's accidents are caused by her own clumsiness. Unconvinced, Elmira brews a potion for herself to counter Clara's "dark magic," and brings Tom with her to the ladies' meeting as her "charm."


The potion, however, does not stop her from continuing to knock things over, and she in fact begins to feel strangely disoriented as she talks on the platform. Elmira loses the election yet again to Clara, who then draws from her purse a voodoo doll with several tacks embedded in it. A dazed Elmira asks Tom to show her the way to the restroom, but she makes a wrong turn and tumbles down a flight of stairs. Miraculously, she has no broken bones despite heavy bruises, and Clara apologizes to her and even offers a second vote to elect her as president. The story ends with all the women running up the stairs, laughing and crying at the same time. It is left unclear on whether Elmira's fall was caused by mental disorder, nausea after drinking her "potion," or real witchcraft by Clara.


Another one-page chapter shows Tom telling Douglas about his weird encounter with the ladies at the lodge, and they comment on how the town is full of magic, illustrating how kids view events differently than grown-ups do.


Chapter 25-26 (The Window) Colonel Freeleigh, the same "Time Machine" the boys listened to in Chapter 17, has been confined to a hospital for his weakening health. His sole comfort is a phone in his room that he can use to dial the number of an old friend in Mexico City who lays his phone on an open window to allow him to hear the bustling noises outside. When the nurse learns of his phone calls, she tells him that she will give orders to take the phone away to prevent him from overworking his heart further. A desperate Freeleigh, feeling his chest pains worsen, dials his friend's number once more, begging for one last listening to the sounds of the city people. As his friend does so, Freeleigh immerses himself in the activity of Mexico City, thinking of how grateful he is for this reminder that the world is still alive and moving. When Douglas and the other children stop by for a visit, they find Freeleigh dead, still holding the phone. Douglas listens to the phone in time to hear "two thousand miles away, the closing of a window," a metaphor for Freeleigh's death.


In the following chapter, Douglas sits silently as Tom pretends to be a Civil War soldier, pondering on how with Colonel Freeleigh's death, all of his memories of the historical figures died too. Tom, however, fails to share in his brooding, only suggesting that he write his thoughts down in his tablet before resuming his play.


Chapter 27 July has ended, and thirty-one bottles of dandelion wine have been made. Douglas, remembering his recent string of losses of friends and machines, wonders why each bottle looks identical and not representative of the day it was made on. He says out loud that August will be tedious and uneventful, to which his grandfather attempts to remedy his melancholy with a swig of dandelion wine and some ordered exercises.


Chapter 28-29 (The Swan) Bill Forrester, with Douglas at his side, orders lime-vanilla ice at the soda fountain. His unusual request catches the attention of ninety-five year old Helen Loomis who invites him to visit her house tomorrow. Bill complies, and he and Helen start a friendly conversation about the appearances people keep up for each other, that soon diverges into Loomis acting as a "Time Machine" similar to Colonel Freeleigh to transport Bill into the pyramids of Egypt. Bill comments on how comfortable he feels talking to her, and Helen replies by reminding him that she's only an old woman. While lounging in his chair, Bill attempts to envision her as being young again; he succeeds for a moment in seeing "the swan," which he unintentionally says out loud, strangely disquieting Helen.


Bill continues to visit Helen every day for two and a half weeks, but only on the last day does he tell her what motivated him to visit her in the first place: a photograph taken of her when she was twenty. He had seen the picture in the newspaper for the town ball and intended to go to the ball to seek the beautiful girl it showed, until someone told him that the picture had been taken a long time ago and had been used by the newspaper every year since then to advertise the ball. Helen replies with an overview of a young man she once knew in her youth who was handsome but wild and reckless; he left her, but when she saw Bill at the fountain that day, she was strongly reminded of him almost as if he were a reincarnation of her former companion.


Some time later, Bill finds Helen writing a letter addressed to him. Helen explains to him that she will be dead in a few days, and that the letter she is writing will come to him then. When Bill attempts to protest about the lack of time they have had together, Helen says that she believes that they will meet again sometime later possibly in reincarnated forms. She tells him to marry and live happily, but says that he has to die before the age of fifty in order to ensure that when they are reincarnated, they will be of the correct ages and be able to meet and fall in love with each other.


Two days later, Bill receives the letter. Inside it is a note reading, "A dish of lime-vanilla ice."


The next chapter shifts back to the viewpoint of Douglas, who asks Tom on how come Mr. Forrester and Mrs. Loomis did not get a happy ending, as in the movies. However, the boys' attentions are quickly distracted from the subject when they arrive at Summer's Ice House, and turn to the legend of the Lonely One in the town, acting as an introduction to the next story.


Chapter 30-31 (The Whole Town's Sleeping) avinia Nebb goes to the movies with some of her friends, however the town is in an uproar over the appearance of a serial killer known as the Lonely One.


In the expository chapter, it is revealed in the conversation between Doug, Tom, and Charlie that Lavinia killed the Lonely One by stabbing him with a pair of sewing scissors. Charlie berates Lavinia for killing off their main source of thrills, but Tom convinces him that the actual Lonely One is still alive because the man they took in looked like "a plain, everyday man who wouldn't pull the wings off even so much as a fly," instead of the tall, bulgy-eyed monster they think he should look like. Neither of them listen to Douglas who says that he was at the ravine at that time and witnessed Lavinia discovering Elizabeth's body, and thus can no longer treat the Lonely One as just an amusingly scary figure.


Chapter 32 (Good-by, Grandma) Douglas' great-grandma, after countless years of assisting her family, feels that her time is expiring with a growing tiredness. She lies down in her bed amidst the protests of her relatives, waiting for her death. When Douglas asks her who's going to do all the chores she did around the house, she says that they belong to anyone who wants them, and reminds him that she will not truly be dead in his mind. As her family leaves her to rest alone, she returns back to the dream she was in before she was born, dying happily and peacefully.


Chapter 33 Disillusioned by the recent deaths and losses, Douglas, by the light of a multitude of fireflies, writes for a long time on the shortcomings of things and people, associating them mainly with breaking down (machines) or death (people). He seems to be on the verge of a great revelation as he quickly scribbles at the end a summary of the dark side of his summer experience:


"SO IF TROLLEYS AND RUNABOUTS AND FRIENDS AND NEAR FRIENDS CAN GO AWAY FOR A WHILE OR GO AWAY FOREVER, OR RUST, OR FALL APART OR DIE, AND IF PEOPLE CAN BE MURDERED, AND IF SOMEONE LIKE GREAT-GRANDMA, WHO WAS GOING TO LIVE FOREVER, CAN DIEIF ALL OF THIS IS TRUETHENI, DOUGLAS SPAULDING, SOME DAY, MUST"


However, the fireflies' light has gone out, so Douglas stops writing and releases the fireflies into the night. He then tries to fall asleep.


Chapter 34 (The Tarot Witchreated for novel) Douglas takes Tom to a Penny arcade (venue) to show him the mechanical Tarot Witch there. When Tom asks him why he wanted him to see her, Douglas says that he asks too many questions. He then thinks to himself that it's because he was initially elated when he realized that he was alive, before he realized that being alive meant that he must die someday too, no matter how much he wants to prevent it. No longer certain about his life, he wants to take comfort in something that he knows never will go away, i.e. the permanent amusements at the carnival. Douglas gets a typical fortune from the Tarot Witch, but the card she gives Tom is blank. Tom suggests that the Witch might have run out of ink, but Douglas insists that the blank card must have some special meaning. Thinking that she might have written a message in invisible ink on the back of the card, Douglas runs a match over it. He accidentally burns up the card in the process, but says that he read a French message from the Witch, calling for help. He comes to the conclusion that the Witch is really a princess trapped in hot wax that someone poured over her.


Douglas plots to "rescue" the Tarot Witch by overloading a machine with coins so that Mr. Black, the carnival manager, will use them to get drunk. Mr. Black, however, goes crazy and smashes the Witch's glass case. Douglas jumps in to stop him; just as Mr. Black is about to attack him with a knife, he passes out from his drinking. Douglas and Tom confiscate the Witch, planning to free her, but just as they reach the ravine, Mr. Black reappears and flings the Witch into the ravine, to Douglas' horror.


Later on in the day, Douglas and Tom return to where the Tarot Witch is lying. Douglas says to Tom that the Witch is really alive, and that someday he will be able to free her from the wax with magic spells so that the Witch will become just another figurine. As he mentions their fortunes, another blank card falls from her sleeve. Douglas exclaims that it must be written with her thanks and a prediction that they will "live forever."


Chapter 35 (Hotter than Summer) Douglas comes upon Tom who is counting the times cicadas buzz every fifteen seconds to measure the temperature. Douglas reads the home thermometer as reading 87F (31C), but Tom, after finishing his count, says that it is actually 92 (33C) Spaulding. Feeling woozy, Douglas begins subconsciously counting to the cicadas' buzzes too.


Chapter 36-38 (Dinner at Dawn) This story focuses upon Mr. Jonas and his wagon full of discarded objects that he totes around town in the very early morning, allowing people to take what they need from it at no cost; many of them donating some of their old items to the wagon before it moves on forward again.


On a scorchingly hot morning, with the cicadas buzzing louder than normal with the rising temperature, Douglas lies in his bed, burning up with a fever. Tom and his mother attempt to cool him down, to no avail. In his fever, Douglas has hallucinations of long-lost people and machines walking past, including Mr. Tridden and his trolley, Miss Fern and Roberts riding by on their Green Machine, and Colonel Freeleigh popping up like a clock, all waving good-bye to him, which makes him cry out loud.


At four o'clock in the afternoon, Tom tells Mr. Jonas about Douglas' condition and says that he's afraid that he might die. Mr. Jonas gives him a set of wind-chimes to hang by Douglas' window, but they do not make a sound because there is no wind. Mr. Jonas visits the Spaulding residence to see Douglas at seven-thirty, but Douglas' mother says that he is not to be disturbed. By nightfall, Douglas is no better, and his family takes him outside in a cot, in the hope that he will be cooled by a wind.


Finally, at twelve-thirty, Mr. Jonas makes a stop with his wagon where Douglas is sleeping and leaves him two bottles filled with air containing soothing vapor and smells from the tropics and moisture-filled areas, on the condition that he pass this favor on to someone else. The bottles of air appear to work, as Tom finds Douglas breathing the same refreshing air in and out of his nose.


The next morning, the heat and the cicadas finally fade down with the coming of rain, and Douglas is well enough to write in his tablet again of his experience.


Chapter 39 (The Magical Kitchen) Douglas' grandma is renowned in the household for her divine cooking for the entire family. Aunt Rose, however, threatens this magic when she questions Grandma's methods of cooking, and later persuades Grandma to organize her kitchen, wear glasses, and read from a cookbook while cooking. This systematic cooking that results, however, destroys the uniqueness and magicalness of Grandma's dinners for the rest of the family. In response to this, Grandpa bids Aunt Rose good-bye, but Grandma appears to have lost her touch for cooking.


While the rest of the members are awake in their beds, Douglas sneaks down to the kitchen and restores it back to its original chaos, getting rid of the glasses and the cookbook. The family heads downstairs to find that Grandma has reconnected with her cooking again as it was meant to be, and everyone enjoys a magnificent late dinner. The chapter closes with Douglas thinking on how he repaid Mr. Jonas by passing on his favor.


Chapter 40 (Green Wine for Dreamingreated for novel) The final chapter of the novel concludes Douglas' summer, as he and Tom spot school supplies advertised for sale in a shop window. The boys reminisce about the events of summer with the aid of the labeled dandelion wine bottles, guaranteeing that they will remember this summer in their hearts. The Spaulding family stores away their porch swing for autumn, as others reverse their summer preparations as the season draws to an end.


The end of the novel echoes the beginning, with Douglas performing his waking-up act in reverse, pretending to switch the lights off and put everyone else to sleep before finally going to sleep himself, ending a very eventful and memorable summer.


Main characters


Douglas Spaulding The protagonist of the novel, the entire summer is seen mostly through his eyes as a time of joys and sorrows. Douglas is imaginative, fanciful, and occasionally meditative on the state of the world. Most of the time, he aims to have fun as a 12-year old kid, but sometimes he lapses into philosophical brooding on topics, including life and death, more mature topics than what would be expected of his age. Bradbury has stated that Douglas is based on the childhood version of him, and in fact, "Douglas" is Bradbury's actual middle name, while "Spaulding" is his father's middle name.


Tom Spaulding Douglas' younger brother, Tom is the more logical and skeptical one, often questioning his brother's seemingly inexplicable actions. Tom is also somewhat more childish and nave than Douglas, often failing to understand the seriousness of Douglas' thoughts about his life; nonetheless, he often acts as the voice of reason when Douglas' imagination gets the better of him.


Charlie A friend of Douglas and Tom, Charlie often hangs around with them. Charlie sometimes comments on a situation or on the behavior of other characters. Other than that, he gets little character development and acts as more of a side character for Douglas and Tom's adventures.


Analysis and themes


Structure of the novel


Dandelion Wine has been described as the first of Bradbury's nostalgic "autobiographical fantasies," in which he recreates the childhood memories of his hometown, Waukegan, in the form of a lyrical work, with realistic plots and settings touched with fantasy to represent the magic and wonders of childhood. Even with the focus on the bright days of summer, Bradbury, in his typical style, briefly explores the horrific side of these events. The primary example is when Douglas' initial joy at realizing he's alive is dampened by the counter-revelation that he will die someday, which parallels his similar gains of knowledge and losses of companions during his summer.


Fear and acceptance


For many of the characters in Dandelion Wine, their contentment depends on the level of acceptance of imperfect aspects of their lives that they cannot change. Douglas, for example, realizes that with the knowledge that he is alive also comes the gloomy fact that he also must die. This depresses him to the point of investing his emotions in a carnival machine (the Tarot Witch) when similar investment in humans seems to bring only misery. Eventually, he decides to continue living after Mr. Jonas cures his fever with bottled fresh air. He sums up his experience with a jar labeled RELISH in his grandma's kitchen. The relish of life is the reason he chose to live; it symbolizes the ecstatic and unexpected pleasures that counterbalance the occasional bitterness of life.


Similarly, Mrs. Bentley must learn to give up her fear of old age by accepting that her younger days are permanently gone and that the only thing that matters is the present. Her relinquishment of her childhood relics signifies her liberation from the past and acceptance of her current self.


Technology


Machines, while not the main theme or motif, do convey a side theme on how technology, no matter how well-crafted or intentioned, is no replacement for human interactions with nature and community, a common theme in Bradbury's works.


The first example of this is when Grandpa tells Bill that a tidy lawn is no compensation for the loss of the simple pleasure of mowing the grass and also the elimination of dandelions, "weeds" valuable in their own way. While Bill initially sees the invention of grass that stays the same length as a time saver, Grandpa embraces the longer and old-fashioned methods because they let him work with his hands and with nature, something a physical invention cannot emulate.


Leo Auffmann's story expands this point. Leo believes that his Happiness Machine will cure all ills, but the Machine does the reverse because he forgot to factor in our intrinsic human needs. Ironically, Leo attempt to let people experience their deepest dreams creates a profound sadness for what they will never have while losing focus on the irreplaceable treasures of the heart. At the end of the story, Leo discovers the true Happiness Machine is his loving family the ultimate symbol of human intimacy existing in their everyday lives.


The story of the Happiness Machine can also be contrasted with the ime Machine, an old man who nonetheless captivates the boys with his memories of historical events in a way no machine (such as the television) ever could.


Dandelions


Dandelions are a potent symbol of summer in the novel. While dandelions are only common growths in backyards and viewed by some as weeds, the Spauldings treat them as valuable possessions, converting them from simple plants into a medicine for winter. The making of dandelion wine thus reflects the pattern of Douglas' summer; events and things that would be seen as mundane by grown-ups gain magic and appreciation through his unbound imagination and thirst for adventure.


Literary significance and criticism


This section requires expansion.


Critics consider Dandelion Wine to be Bradbury's most personal work. Georges D. Todds of the SF Site said that the novel's power lies in the "emotional attachment" it stirs in readers because it is almost completely nostalgia in contrast to Bradbury's usual blend of horror/science fiction and nostalgia. He stated that this trait was what set it apart from his other works:


"Certainly I would tell anyone wanting to know what makes Ray Bradbury the human being he is to read Dandelion Wine, and anyone wanting to know what makes Ray Bradbury the renowned writer he is to read The October Country or The Martian Chronicles."


The novel's heavy reliance on poetical imagery has produced mixed criticism. Many critics say that these are the novel's greatest strengths because the tone matches the spirit of Bradbury's memories and optimistic outlook. John Zuck classified it as "spiritual fiction," paying particular attention to the religious theme of holding on to ephemeral beauty (i.e. the short-lived summer).


Other critics, however, label this style as overwrought and too "feel-good." Alan David Price stated that while "Bradbury is at his most effective when evoking a New World joy and optimism," there are times when his prose becomes overly sentimental and his "gently fantastic style becomes plain tiring." He nonetheless classifies Dandelion Wine as "an engrossing read."


Sequel


Farewell Summer published in 2006 is Bradbury's sequel to Dandelion Wine.


Film, TV or theatrical adaptations


Bradbury wrote a stage adaptation of Dandelion Wine in 1988.


The novel was also made into a 1997 Russian film adaptation, titled Vino iz oduvanchikov. Currently, there is no English film adaptation available for the book.


This paragraph may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this paragraph if you can. (July 2009)


DANDELION WINE was produced as a full-cast radio play by the Colonial Radio Theatre on the Air, in 2006. Ray Bradbury wrote the script from his stage play, and the production was released by Blackstone Audio. The cast included Jerry Robbins as Bill Forrester, William Humphrey as Douglas Spaulding, Rik Pierce as Grandpa, and James McLean as Tom Spaulding. The production was directed by Nancy Curran Willis, Music by Jeffrey Gage, and produced by Jerry Robbins.


After hearing the production, Ray Bradbury sent a letter to producer Jerry Robbins: I've just played for the second time your production of DANDELION WINE and it's fabulous. I'm so very proud of it. In fact, it made me weep. In your own way you've told me that I have a chance of part of me living beyond the day that I leave this earth. This production is simply incredible. Phil Nichols of www.Bradburymedia.co.uk said of this recording, The audio production is extravagant, and benefits from some strong performances and an extensive musical score...one of the most lively and energetic Bradbury productions for many years. The production won the Ogle Award for best Fantasy Production of 2006.


The novel in popular culture


In 1971, Apollo 15 astronauts named a moon crater "Dandelion Crater" for Bradbury's novel.


Footnotes


^ Subterranean Press, Summer Morning, Summer Night. ISBN 978-1-59606-202-3.


^ Todds, Georges D (1999). "The SF Site Featured Review: Dandelion Wine." Extracted on January 10, 2007.


^ Zuck, John. "Dandelion Wine." Added February 13, 2005. Extracted on January 10, 2007.


^ Price, Alan David. "Dandelion Wine - an infinity plus review." Extracted on January 10, 2007.


^ Earlier stage adaptations of Dandelion Wine were written by other hands.


^ Vino iz oduvanchikov (Dandelion Wine). The film was based on an unauthorized Russian translation of the novel; Article V of the Universal Copyright Convention, to which Russia belongs, allows unauthorized translations of foreign language works for which there is no authorized translation.


References


Reid, Robin Anne (2000). "Ray Bradbury: A Critical Companion." Greenwood Press.


Dandelion Wine: Themes, Motifs, Symbols


"Library of Congress Online Catalog". http://catalog.loc.gov. Retrieved 2007-12-13. 


External links


Dandelion Wine Free Study Guide/Analysis at TheBestNotes.com


SparkNotes Study Guide


Website about the theatrical adaptation of Dandelion Wine


Novelguide for Dandelion Wine


Categories: 1957 novels | Autobiographical novels | Novels by Ray Bradbury | Novels adapted into filmsHidden categories: Articles that may be too long from September 2009 | Too long article | Articles to be expanded from January 2007 | All articles to be expanded | Articles needing cleanup from July 2009 | All pages needing cleanup

From "J & J Gate" sanitary quality inspection and civic

"Johnson children Bathroom Supplies toxic event "in infants aroused the concern of health products, for a time, Johnson & Johnson toiletries by children's parents of young concern about" bathroom "and discoloration. Then the bathroom plumbing hardware companies from Johnson & Johnson case, whether Warning it can get some? Johnson children toiletries door is just a phenomenon? bathroom whether the market should be closer to market norms?






authentic designer handbag


By Johnson & Johnson events associated with 08 "exempt from the door"
authentic coach purses


08, the same problem with the quality of baby products caused by "Sanlu incident," not only in the dairy industry, but the manufacturing industry in the country set off a firestorm, "Chinese famous brand", "state inspection" and so on Honors forced cancellation of some not timely removed exempt corporate brand advertising has become the object of some of the media to denounce.








Last year's "exempt from the door," take off a lot of bathroom business proud title, upset the company's marketing and promotional strategies. In less than a year, it happened again in possession of huge risks, and serious quality problems. This year, the government will eventually adopt the attitude and policies of how to deal with, but also how much will the impact of sanitary business?








Sanitary ware are also hidden health risks


Through the Sanlu incident, after Johnson & Johnson case, our consumers have become increasingly nervous fragile state inspection can not be trusted, credible domestic brands, international brands are not credible; food insecurity, daily chemicals and unsafe ... ... then the day of such as sanitary products are the health risks do exist?








In the toiletries, the most significant health problems that taps and other plumbing fittings containing lead, copper, nickel and other heavy metals in precipitation will cause water pollution, and threaten the safety of our drinking water. Although the industry has vigorously promoted a low lead and lead-free stainless steel faucet taps, but there are still some companies set the expense of consumers and the health of workers, one-sided pursuit of profit or surplus of quality plumbing wares on the heavy metal content not to be strict control .








In addition, pieces of ceramic sanitary quality also has some hidden dangers, such as substandard water seal toilets can also cause gas to run to run, indoor air pollution, hazardous to health. In this regard, the new national standards, all with the overall storage of sanitary ceramic ware pipe depth of not less than 50 mm water seal; water-sealed toilet installed in the plane of the surface area of not less than 100 mm × 85 mm of. Not meet the above criteria if the seal will reduce the odor Toilet ability to easily generate pollution; the same time, the fermentation of organic waste water in the exhaust emitted through the water seal to fail and endanger health.








Quality inspection departments to "hide and seek" self-test whether the first step


In the Johnson case, in addition to business, another widely criticized the role of supervision over product quality is functional department. AQSIQ has been involved in the investigation has been discovered first, followed by AQSIQ to publicly dismiss denied involvement, then followed by the announcement does not allow Chinese consumers convinced the so-called findings. Even in the "baby peach shower gel" in a batch of micro-Dioxane detected, it is said that "contain traces of two alkyl will affect the health, quality inspection department has been brought to the relevant departments for further analysis by experts", for the same product, even given AQSIQ and SFDA totally opposite results ... ... lie in ambush, hide and seek, to consumers by unspeakable, not according to activists.








Although the poor quality sanitary ware hidden risks generally not enough to milk, toxic bath as the injury, but any responsible business should not be neglected sanitary quality, ignoring health and safety of consumers. In the case of the absence of functional departments, companies can self-test current step? After all, consumers are not fools, as Johnson so only for the present market, despite the reputation and integrity of the hard-line tool, or will consumer boycotts and market away.








Quality good, not just related to sales, reputation and other business interests, and related to each customer and the vital interests of consumers and even health and safety.

There are also hidden a small kettle of quality new threshold

Frbiz Site





Has been


Electric kettle
personalized pet collar


Its convenience by consumers, but the lack of national standards to regulate constraints and barriers to entry is low, a number of workshop-type plants to join, so there is leakage electric kettle, expensive, water leakage, deformation, and other safety lid hidden, not only can not guarantee the product performance, but also an impact on consumer safety.
dog harness padded





Recently, insiders told reporters, kettle validation performance standards have been completed, is expected to be released during the year. The source said, after the introduction of standard, non-compliant products will be eliminated and can not meet the national standards of production enterprises will be cleared out, consumers buy inferior products will greatly reduce the chances. The new standard also introduced the industry will make kettles from disorder to order, speed up our kettle industry consolidation.





Industry threshold low-quality hidden troubles





Tianhe District, Betty who lives in the supermarket buying a kettle, can be less than a week, the indicator light on a fault, although Naqu the supermarket for a new back, but she still told reporters that the fear "After a period of time do not know what problems will arise?" news from the Provincial Bureau of Quality Supervision 12365 Complaint Center learned that Betty is not alone in such cases, the electric kettle safety and quality of complaints in the last two years more to more.





According to statistics, market size of China's electric kettle in the 30 million or more, if priced 100 dollars, that is, 3.0 billion of market share. Although the market prospect is extremely broad, but current levels of development is still in brand shops, cohabitation phase. Large consumer market, electric kettle, kettle because the industry is relatively low threshold, coupled with development of the industry a short time, has no corresponding national standards to regulate constraints and disorderly competition in the market harm the interests of consumers and industry healthy development of enterprises to reduce the cost of some non-standard production and management led to a number of inferior products on the market, there are serious security risks, there is a lot of electric kettle thermostat failure, leakage, leakage, base sol, lid distortion and many other illnesses .





New standard introduced to accelerate the industry reshuffle





It is understood that the new standards on electric kettle made in all aspects of performance requirements, such as proposed limit on the volume deviation, which would effectively curb the products in volume to "Duanjinqueliang", and boiling water on the performance of a request , then the time to ensure that consumers can pour the water smooth, not outside the splash will not flow and so on down the pot wall. The new targets will accelerate the introduction of industry consolidation in China electric kettle.





It is noteworthy that the new standards on the kettle's health, energy and environmental performance is also set forth requirements. If requested product at one atmosphere pressure, the boiling water temperature should reach 98 , and provides in boiling water for power cuts, this aspect is to avoid waste of energy, on the other hand to avoid over-boiling kettle of water to ensure water taste and safety . New standards for the first time on the kettle for thermal efficiency and service life of the introduction of the grading requirements, such as A-class products should reach 93% thermal efficiency of more than 8000 times greater than the work life cycle (to boil 5 dollars a day , can use the 5-year), B stage product life cycle should be more than 5000 work, C-class product life cycle should be more than 3000 work, C-class the following products will be eliminated.





"At present, the market continued the rapid expansion of industrial capital into the making, with the traditional advantages of a large


Home Appliances


Manufacturers have increased the input of the kettle, which makes electric kettle industry profit margins further compression. -Name companies lose price advantage, competitiveness will be weakened. Part of the small, weak strength of the enterprise will face elimination, while the big brands, and professional


Small appliances


Companies will take this opportunity, in terms of scale and brand synergy, the greater progress. "A trade, told reporters.





Buy kettle Experts Return Weapon





's Investigation learned that, at present,


Suning


, Gome stores selling home appliances and other large kettle, the price more in between 200 to 500 yuan, while in small commodity wholesale market, you can buy from 30 to 70 yuan of products, we can see, the market kettle of uneven quality missing, so experts advise consumers to purchase electric kettle be sure to select the 3C certification mark affixed and marked with the appropriate certificate of the factory code and number of products at the same time to choose a function with temperature control and anti-dry burning function products, to avoid potential safety problems.

Brabham BT19

Frbiz Site


Concept


The BT19 was created by Australian designer Ron Tauranac for the Brabham Racing Organisation (BRO) to use in the 1965 season of the Formula One motor racing World Championship. The BT19, and its contemporary the Lotus 39, were built to use the new FWMW flat-16 engine from Coventry Climax. Only one example of the BT19 design was built, and it never raced in its original form. Climax abandoned the FWMW's development before the end of 1965, their existing FWMV V8 engines proving powerful enough to propel Jim Clark's Lotus 33 to seven wins and the drivers' championship. For 1966, the engine capacity limit in Formula One was doubled from 1.5 litres (92 cu in) to 3 litres (183 cu in). It was not feasible to enlarge existing 1.5-litre engines to take full advantage of the higher limit and Climax chose not to develop a new 3-litre motor, leaving many teams without a viable engine for 1966.


The new 3-litre engines under development by other suppliers all had at least 12 cylinders. All other things being equal, more cylinders allow smaller and lighter moving parts, higher rotational speeds and thus greater peak power. However, more cylinders also mean more moving parts; these can result in greater overall engine weight and reduced reliability. Jack Brabham, owner and lead driver of BRO, took a different approach to the problem of obtaining a suitable engine. He persuaded Australian company Repco to develop a new 3-litre eight cylinder engine for him, largely based on available components; Brabham and Repco were aware that the engine would not compete in terms of outright power, but felt that a lightweight, reliable engine could achieve good championship results while other teams were still making their new designs reliable.
wacker compactors


Brabham cars were designed and built by Motor Racing Developments Ltd. (MRD), which was jointly owned by Tauranac and Jack Brabham and built cars for customers in several racing series. The Formula One racing team, BRO, was a separate company wholly owned by Jack Brabham. It bought its cars from MRD but Tauranac had little connection with the race team between 1962 and 1965. At the end of the 1965 season Tauranac was losing interest in this arrangement, reasoning that "it was just a matter of a lot of effort for no real interest because I didn't get to go racing very much" and "I might as well get on with my main line business, which was selling production cars." Although Brabham investigated using chassis from other manufacturers, the two men eventually agreed that Tauranac would have a greater interest in the Formula One team, which MRD eventually took over completely from BRO. This agreement was not reached until November 1965. Repco delivered the first example of the new engine to the team's headquarters in the United Kingdom in late 1965, just weeks before the first Formula One race to the new regulations, the non-championship South African Grand Prix on 1 January 1966. Rather than build a new car in the limited time available, BRO pressed chassis number F1-1-1965, the sole and unused BT19, into service.
12mm laminate flooring


Chassis and suspension


The Brabham BT19 being demonstrated at the 2007 'Speed on Tweed' event at Murwillumbah


Tauranac built the BT19 around a mild steel spaceframe chassis similar to those used in his previous Brabham designs. The use of a spaceframe was considered a conservative design decision; by 1966, most of Brabham's competitors were using the theoretically lighter and stiffer monocoque design, introduced to Formula One by Lotus during the 1962 season. Tauranac believed that contemporary monocoques were not usefully stiffer than a well-designed spaceframe and were harder to repair and maintain. The latter was a particular concern for Brabham, which was the largest manufacturer of customer single-seater racing cars in the world at the time. The company's reputation rested in part on BRO effectively the official 'works' team using the same technology as its customers, for whom ease of repair was a significant consideration. One mildly novel feature was the use of oval-section, rather than round, tubing around the cockpit, where the driver sits. In a spaceframe or monocoque racing car, the cockpit is effectively a hole in the structure, weakening it considerably. For a given cross sectional area, oval tubing is stiffer in one direction than round tubing. Tauranac happened to have a supply of oval tubing and used it to stiffen the cockpit area. The car weighed around 1250 pounds (567 kg), around 150 lb (68.0 kg) over the minimum weight limit for the formula, although it was still one of the lightest cars in the 1966 field. The race starting weight of a 1966 Brabham-Repco with driver and fuel was estimated to be around 1,415 lb (642 kg), about 280 lb (127 kg) less than the more powerful rival Cooper T81-Maseratis.


Rear view of the BT19, showing:


A) Rear outboard coil spring


B) 4-into-1 exhaust from right-hand cylinder bank


C) Right-hand driveshaft


D) Gearbox


E) Reverse lower wishbone, forming part of left rear suspension


F) Upswept rear lip of engine cowl


The bodywork of the BT19 is glass-reinforced plastic, finished in Brabham's usual racing colours of green with gold trimming around the nose. Although the science of aerodynamics would not greatly affect Formula One racing until the 1968 season, Tauranac had been making use of the Motor Industry Research Association wind tunnel since 1963 to refine the shape of his cars. Brabham has attributed the car's "swept-down nose and the upswept rear lip of the engine cowl" to Tauranac's "attention to aerodynamic detail". During the 1967 season, the car appeared with small winglets on the nose, to further reduce lift acting at the front of the car.


Against the trend set by the Lotus 21 in 1961, the BT19's suspension, which controls the relative motion of the chassis and the wheels, is outboard all round. That is, the bulky springs and dampers are mounted in the space between the wheels and the bodywork, where they interfere with the airflow and increase unwanted aerodynamic drag. Tauranac persisted with this apparently conservative approach based on wind tunnel tests he had carried out in the early 1960s, which indicated that a more complicated inboard design, with the springs and dampers concealed under the bodywork, would provide only a 2% improvement in drag. He judged the extra time needed to set up an inboard design at the racetrack to outweigh this small improvement. At the front the suspension consists of unequal length, non-parallel double wishbones. The front uprights, the solid components upon which the wheels and brakes are mounted, were modified from the Alford & Alder units used on the British Triumph Herald saloon. The rear suspension is formed by a single top link, a reversed lower wishbone and two radius rods locating cast magnesium alloy uprights. Wheels were initially 13 inches (330 mm) in diameter, but soon upgraded to 15 in (380 mm) at the rear, and later still 15 in at the front as well. These increases enabled the use of larger, more powerful brakes. Steel disc brakes are used on all four wheels and were of 10.5 in (270 mm) diameter for the smaller wheels and 11 in (280 mm) for the larger ones. The car ran on treaded Goodyear tyres throughout its racing career.


The BT19 continued Tauranac's reputation for producing cars that handled well. Brabham has since commented that it "was beautifully balanced and I loved its readiness to drift through fast curves." Brabham referred to the car as his Old Nail; Ron Tauranac has explained this as being "because it was two years old, great to drive and had no vices."


Engine and transmission


Close-up of rear suspension of BT19. The engine exhaust can be seen passing between the upper and lower radius rods. This pattern is that used on BT20, BT19's exhausts originally passed upwards between the upper radius rod and the chassis frame.


Repco racing engines were designed and built by a small team at a Repco subsidiary, Repco-Brabham engines Pty Ltd, in Maidstone, Australia. Repco's 620 series engine is a normally aspirated unit with eight cylinders in a 'V' configuration. It uses American engine blocks obtained from Oldsmobile's aluminium alloy 215 engine. Oldsmobile's 215 engine, used in the F-85 Cutlass compact car between 1961 and 1963, was abandoned by General Motors after production problems. Repco fitted their own cast iron cylinder liners into the Oldsmobile blocks, which were also stiffened with two Repco magnesium alloy castings and feature Repco-designed cylinder heads with chain-driven single overhead camshafts. The internals of the unit consist of a bespoke Laystall crankshaft, Daimler connecting rods and specially cast pistons. The cylinder head design means that the engine's exhaust pipes exit on the outer side of the block, and therefore pass through the spaceframe before tucking inside the rear suspension, a layout which complicated Tauranac's design work considerably. The engine is water-cooled, with oil and water radiators mounted in the nose.


The 620 engine was light for its time, weighing around 340 lb (154 kg), compared to 500 lb (227 kg) for the Maserati V12, but in 3 litre Formula One form only produced around 300 brake horsepower (220 kW) at under 8000 revolutions per minute (rpm), compared to 330360 bhp (250270 kW) produced by the Ferrari and Maserati V12s. However, it produced high levels of torque over a wide range of engine speeds from 3500 rpm up to peak torque of 233 pound feet (316 Nm) at 6500 rpm. Installed in the lightweight BT19 chassis, it was also relatively fuel efficient; on the car's debut Brabham reported that the BT19 achieved 7 miles per gallon (40 L/100 km), against figures of around 4 mpg (70 L/100 km) for its "more exotic rivals". This meant that it could start a Grand Prix with only 35 gallons (160 L) of fuel on board, compared to around 55 gallons (250 L) for the Cooper T81-Maseratis. The engine had one further advantage over bespoke racing engines: parts were cheap. For example, the engine blocks were available for GB11 each and the connecting rods cost 7 each.


The 740 series unit used in the three races for which the car was entered in 1967 has a different, lighter, Repco-designed engine block. It also has redesigned cylinder heads which, among other improvements, mean that its exhausts are mounted centrally and do not pass through the spaceframe or rear suspension, unlike those of the 620 series. The 740 retained the 3.5" x 2.375" bore and stroke of the 620 and produced 327 bhp (244 kW) at 8,300 rpm.[citation needed]


The BT19 was initially fitted with a Hewland HD (Heavy Duty) gearbox, originally designed for use with less powerful 2-litre engines. The greater power of the 3-litre Repco engine was more than the gearbox could reliably transmit when accelerating at full power from rest, with the result that Brabham normally made very gentle starts to avoid gearbox breakages. The HD was later replaced with the sturdier DG (Different Gearbox) design, produced at the request of both Brabham and Dan Gurney's Anglo American Racers team. It later became a popular choice for other constructors.


Racing history


Jack Brabham was 40 when he won the 1966 F1 drivers' title driving BT19.


Although regarded by its designer as a "lash-up", BT19 had a very successful Formula One racing career, almost entirely in the hands of Jack Brabham. BT19 was entered in several non-championship Formula One races before the beginning of the 1966 world championship season. At the non-championship South African Grand Prix at East London on 1 January, BT19 was the only new 3-litre car present. It recorded the fastest time in the qualifying session before the race therefore taking pole position for the start of the race and led the majority of the event before the fuel injection pump seized. Similar problems stopped the car on the second lap of the Syracuse Grand Prix in Sicily, but at the International Trophy at the Silverstone circuit, Brabham set pole position, a new lap record, and led the whole race to win ahead of 1964 champion John Surtees in a 3-litre works Ferrari.


The 1966 world championship season opened with the Monaco Grand Prix. Brabham was affected by a cold, and qualified poorly before retiring when the BT19's gearbox failed. Surtees led the race in his Ferrari before his differential failed on lap 15; the race was won by Jackie Stewart in a 2-litre BRM P261. At the following Belgian Grand Prix at the Spa circuit, Brabham survived an enormous 135 miles per hour (215 km/h) slide in the rain on the first lap. The shower eliminated half the field, including Stewart, who would miss the next race with his injuries. The BT19, using Goodyear tyres that were not suited to the conditions, came home fourth of five classified finishers. Surtees won the race for Ferrari, the last before he quit the Italian team.


At the French Grand Prix, held at the high speed Reims-Gueux circuit, Brabham followed race leader Lorenzo Bandini closely from the start of the race, using the slipstream of Bandini's more powerful Ferrari to tow him to up to 8 mph (13 km/h) faster down the straights than the BT19 could manage on its own. This allowed Brabham to consolidate his lead over Ferrari's second driver, Formula One novice Mike Parkes. After 12 laps Bandini pulled away from Brabham, eventually by over 30 seconds, but when the Italian car was delayed by a broken throttle cable on lap 32, Brabham cruised to the finish to win from Parkes and become the first man to win a Formula One World Championship race in one of his own cars.


Although the first Brabham BT20, the definitive 1966 car, had been available at Reims, Brabham continued with the BT19 and used it to win the next three championship races. Ferrari, competitive in all three championship races to that point, were not present for the British Grand Prix. The race was held on the tight and twisting Brands Hatch circuit, the track made slippery by oil leaking from other cars and by drizzle. Brabham set pole and led the entire race. At the next championship round, the Dutch Grand Prix, Brabham reported the low speed Zandvoort circuit to be "even more oily and treacherous than Brands." Brabham won the race after Jim Clark's less powerful 2 litre Lotus 33-Climax, which had passed Brabham for the lead mid-race, was delayed by overheating problems. The German Grand Prix was held at the Nrburgring Nordschleife, which Brabham described as "Brands Hatch on steroids". On the opening lap Brabham took the lead from Surtees, now driving a Cooper-Maserati. Brabham won after a race-long fight with the Englishman in the rain. With four wins and more finishes than any of his championship rivals, Brabham had a 22 point lead in the drivers championship and could only be caught in the championship by Surtees or Stewart if one of them won all three of the remaining races.


Jack Brabham used BT19 again at the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, another high speed circuit. A second BT20 was completed at the Italian track and Brabham tried it in practice for the race, but decided to race his Old Nail, which he felt was fitted with a stronger engine. As at Reims, Brabham successfully slipstreamed the race leaders early on, but an oil leakage stopped the car after 8 laps. Neither Surtees nor Stewart finished the race and Brabham clinched his third world championship.


Brabham used the BT19 once more that season to take pole position and victory at the non-championship Oulton Park Gold Cup, before using a new BT20 for the final two races of the championship season. The BT19 was used again at three of the first four championship races in the 1967 Formula One season, debuting the new Repco 740 engine at the Monaco Grand Prix, where it took pole position, and finishing second at the Dutch Grand Prix.


Commenting on the reasons for the unexpected competitiveness of the 1966 Brabham-Repcos in Formula One, motorsport historian Doug Nye has suggested that they "could score on weight over the more powerful Ferrari, BRM, Cooper-Maserati, Eagle-Weslake and Honda in their undeveloped forms, and on sheer 'grunt' over such interim stop-gap cars as the nimble 2-litre Climax and BRM V8-engined Lotus 33s and BRMs."


BT19 also competed in the final two races of the 1965/66 Tasman Series in Australia, which was run to the pre-1961 Formula One regulations, including an engine capacity limit of 2.5 litres. Tasman racing was the original purpose of the Repco engine and Brabham's involvement was supposed to promote the 2.5-litre version. Frank Hallam, head of the Repco-Brabham organisation responsible for designing and building the Repco engines, has said that the smaller version "never put out the power per litre that the 3 litre engine produced", which itself was not a powerful unit. Fitted with the 2.5-litre engine BT19 recorded one retirement and a third place in the series.


Demonstrations


Former rivals Jack Brabham and Stirling Moss at the 2004 Goodwood Revival meeting. Brabham is seated in the BT19.


The BT19 was not raced in serious competition after 1967. Brabham retired and moved back to Australia at the end of 1970. He retained ownership of the car until 1976, when it passed into the hands of Repco and was restored by the Repco Engine Parts Group. In 1986, Automotive Components Ltd. (ACL) was formed by the management buyout of Engine Parts Group, which included the transfer of the BT19 to the new company. Since its restoration, the car has frequently been demonstrated at events, including the inaugural Australian Grands Prix in Adelaide (1985) and Melbourne (1996). It also appeared at the 2004 Goodwood Revival meeting in the United Kingdom. ACL sold the car back to Repco in 2004. In 2008 the car was installed in the Australian National Sports Museum at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, on loan from Repco.


In 2002, at the inaugural "Speed on Tweed" historic meeting at Murwillumbah, Brabham, then 76, commented: "It's been a wonderful car over the years and it's been very well looked after and it's a pleasure to come and drive it. Coming to Murwillumbah was a really good excuse to get back in the car and drive it again and I'm afraid that's something I'll never ever get tired of."


Complete results


Formula One World Championship


(results in bold indicate pole position)


Year


Team


Engine


Tyres


Drivers


1


2


3


4


5


6


7


8


9


10


11


Points


WCC


1966


Brabham Racing Organisation


Repco V8


G


MON


BEL


FRA


GBR


NED


GER


ITA


USA


MEX


39


1st


Jack Brabham


Ret


4


1


1


1


1


Ret


1967


Brabham Racing Organisation


Repco V8


G


RSA


MON


NED


BEL


FRA


GBR


GER


CAN


ITA


USA


MEX


6


1st


Jack Brabham


Ret


2


Denny Hulme


Ret


Key


Colour


Result


Colour


Result


Gold


Winner


White


Did not start (DNS)


Silver


2nd place


Light blue


Practiced only (PO)


Bronze


3rd place


Friday test driver (TD) - 2003-2007 only


Green


Points finish


Blank


Did not practice (DNP)


Blue


Non points finish inc. non classified finish


Injured or ill (inj)


Purple


Did not finish (Ret)


Excluded (EX)


Red


Did not qualify (DNQ)


Did not arrive (DNA)


Black


Disqualified (DSQ)


Non Championship results


Year


Event


Venue


Driver


Result


Category


Report


1966


South African Grand Prix


East London


Jack Brabham


Ret


Formula One


Report


1966


Sandown Park Cup


Sandown


Jack Brabham


Ret


Tasman Series


1966


South Pacific Trophy


Longford


Jack Brabham


3


Tasman Series


1966


Syracuse Grand Prix


Syracuse Circuit


Jack Brabham


Ret


Formula One


1966


BRDC International Trophy


Silverstone


Jack Brabham


1


Formula One


Report


1966


10 Lap Racing Car Event


Surfers Paradise


Jack Brabham


DNF


Formula Libre


1966


Oulton Park Gold Cup


Oulton Park


Jack Brabham


1


Formula One


1967


Oulton Park Gold Cup


Oulton Park


Frank Gardner


Ret


Formula One


1967


Spanish Grand Prix


Jarama


Jack Brabham


3


Formula One


Report


This race was a support to the 1966 Surfers Paradise Trophy, 14 August 1966


Notes


^ BT19 scored 6 points towards MRD's constructors' championship winning total in 1967.


^ a b Lawrence (1998) p.103


^ Nye (1986) p. 20


^ Henry (1985) p. 53


^ Lawrence (1999) p. 31


^ a b Henry (1985) p. 55


^ Pinder (1995) p. 43


^ a b c d Nye (1986) p. 45


^ a b c Pinder (1995) p. 104


^ a b Lawrence (1999) pp. 4445


^ a b Unique p.45 Jack Brabham - World Champion Units of weight and volume are British Imperial measures, as used in the original references. Engine capacity appears to be an exception, but there is no British Imperial unit in use as an equivalent to litres for engine capacity. Contemporary publications used litres for engine capacity alongside gallons and pints for other fluid measurements. The article reflects this contemporary usage.


^ From the early to late 1960s Brabham cars were marketed as 'Repco Brabhams', because of Repco's supply of components and premises to Brabham. The Brabham logo used in this period includes both company names. This arrangement preceded the 1966 engine deal, and applied to cars in all formulae and using engines from various suppliers. However, the make of a racing car is more normally given in the form 'Chassis manufacturer'-'Engine manufacturer'. The BT19 was therefore variously referred to as a 'Repco Brabham' and as a Brabham-Repco in contemporary publications. The latter form has been used in the article for consistency.


^ Lawrence (1999) p. 43


^ a b Brabham, Nye (2004) p. 191


^ Lawrence (1998) p.190


^ Brabham, Nye (2004) p. 199


^ a b Nye (1986) pp. 3741


^ Henry (1985) p. 66


^ Nye (1986) pp. 151 & 155, Frankel (December 2006) p. 52. Power ratings were frequently overstated by teams and must be treated with caution. Nye reports that Ferrari claimed {{subst:Auto bhp|380|0}} for their V12, but believes 360 bhp (270 kW) to be more likely. Maserati claimed {{subst:Auto bhp|370|0}} for their V12. Nye gives 360 bhp (270 kW) for the Maserati, but Roy Salvadori, then manager of the Cooper team, is quoted in Frankel's article as saying "330 bhp [250 kW] was about the most they ever gave"


^ Nye gives the torque as equivalent to 192 pounds per square inch Brake Mean effective pressure; this has been converted to the more familiar lb ft using a conversion where Torque (lb ft) = (bmep (psi) x displacement (cu in))/150.8


^ Henry (1986) pp.6768 and Nye (1986) p. 41.


^ Lawrence (1999) p. 77


^ Henry (1986)pp. 5556 & 58


^ Henry (1986) p. 58


^ GRAND PRIX RESULTS: BELGIAN GP, 1966


^ Henry (1986) p. 58 & Unique p. 118. Sources differ on exactly what the problem was. Henry states that it was "the reluctance of his Goodyear wet weather tyres to work up to temperature on the drying track surface", while the contemporary report quoted in Unique says that Brabham was racing experimentally on "tires using an uncompromising dry-weather compound".


^ Unique pp. 104105


^ Brabham, Nye (2005) pp. 197199


^ Brabham, Nye (2005) p. 200


^ Henry (1986) p. 62


^ Brabham, Nye (2005) pp. 201202


^ There were 27 points available for winning the three final races. Graham Hill and Jochen Rindt were also within 27 points of Brabham's score, but in 1966 only the driver's best five results counted and both Hill and Rindt would have had to drop points from their earlier races.


^ Brabham, Nye (2005) pp. 203204


^ Henry (1986) p. 67


^ Nye (1986) p. 43


^ Pinder (1995) p. 38


^ Australia's most famous car changes hands


^ Brabham's legendary car arrives at The National Sports Museum


^ George Negus Tonight


References


Books


Brabham, Jack; Nye, Doug (2004). The Jack Brabham Story. Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-7603-1590-6. 


Henry, Alan (1985). Brabham, the Grand Prix Cars. Osprey. ISBN 0-905138-36-8. 


Hillier, V.A.W. (1991). Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology (Fourth Edition). Stanley Thornes. ISBN 0-7487-0531-7. 


Lawrence, Mike (1998). Grand Prix Cars 1945 - 1965. Motor Racing Publications. ISBN 1-899870-39-3. 


Lawrence, Mike (1999). Brabham+Ralt+Honda: The Ron Tauranac story. Motor Racing Publications. ISBN 1-899870-35-0. 


Nye, Doug (1986). Autocourse history of the Grand Prix car 1966-85. Hazleton publishing. ISBN 0-905138-37-6. 


Pinder, Simon G. (1995). Mr Repco Brabham. Pinder publications. ISBN 0646421689 (ISBN given by Google Book Search, but appears nowhere else.). 


Unique, (Various). Brabham - the man and the machines. Unique Motor Books. ISBN 1-84155-619-X. 


Magazines


Frankel, Andrew (December 2006). "Track Test Cooperaserati T86". Motor Sport. p. 5155. 


Websites


"1966 Australian Gold Star series". Dan Shaw. http://members.optusnet.com.au/dandsshaw/images/results/races66.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-26. 


"1966 FIA Formula One World Championship". www.formula1.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. http://web.archive.org/web/20070926165523/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1966/. Retrieved 2007-09-26. 


"1966 Non-World Championship Grands Prix". www.silhouet.com. Archived from the original on 2006-10-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20061025223905/http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/archive/f1/nc/1966/1966.html. Retrieved 2007-09-26. 


"1966 Tasman Series". www.tasman-series.com. Archived from the original on 2007-07-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20070709231409/http://www.tasman-series.com/races/1966/1966.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-26. 


"1967 FIA Formula One World Championship". www.formula1.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. http://web.archive.org/web/20070926165523/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1967/. Retrieved 2007-09-26. 


"1967 Non-World Championship Grands Prix". www.silhouet.com. Archived from the original on 2006-07-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20060722010045/http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport/archive/f1/nc/1967/1967.html. Retrieved 2007-09-26. 


"Australia's most famous car changes hands". Glenvale publications. Archived from the original on 2006-08-19. http://web.archive.org/web/20060819032905/http://www.apajournal.com.au/article.asp?ArticleID=737. Retrieved 2007-08-31. 


Brown, Allen (2003). "Brabham BT19 F1-1-65". www.oldracingcars.com. Archived from the original on 2004-03-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20040329064246/www.oldracingcars.com/car.asp?CarID=BT19. Retrieved 2007-08-31. 


"Brabham's legendary car arrives at The National Sports Museum". National Sports Museum. http://www.nsm.org.au/whats-on/news--media.aspx?ID=1288. Retrieved 2008-04-01. 


George Negus Tonight (transcript) (March 2003). "Sir Jack Brabham". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2007-03-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20070307183752/http://www.abc.net.au/dimensions/dimensions_in_time/Transcripts/s802751.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-31. 


"GRAND PRIX RESULTS: BELGIAN GP, 1966". Grandprix.com. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20070702171514/http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr143.html. Retrieved 2007-09-26. 


External links


Formula One portal


www.abc.com.au ABC interview with Jack Brabham on his championship win with the BT19.


www.flickr.com Recent pictures of the BT19.


GPLEA (archived) Pictures of the BT19 in use in 1967.


GPL/Mod A free, driveable simulation of the BT19 appeared in 2007 for the Grand Prix Legends PC racing simulation.


v  d  e


Motor Racing Developments


Founders: Jack Brabham | Ron Tauranac


Personnel: Bernie Ecclestone | Gordon Murray


Cars


Formula One: BT3 | BT7 | BT19 | BT20 | BT23 | BT24 | BT26 | BT33 | BT34 | BT37 | BT39 | BT42 | BT44/B | BT45 | BT46/B/C | BT48 | BT49/C/D | BT50 | BT51 | BT52 | BT53 | BT54 | BT55 | BT56 | BT58 | BT59/Y | BT60


Indianapolis 500/USAC: BT12 | BT25 | BT32


Formula Two: BT10 | BT11/A | BT16 | BT18 | BT23 | BT23C | BT30 | BT36 | BT38 | BT40


Formula Atlantic: BT23F/G | BT29 | BT35A/B | BT38B | BT40


Formula Three: BT9 | BT15 | BT16A | BT18A | BT21 | BT21B | BT21X | BT28 | BT35C | BT38C | BT41


Formula Junior: BT1 | BT2 | BT6


Other single seaters: BT4 | BT7A | BT14 | BT18B | BT21A | BT21C | BT22 | BT23A | BT23B | BT23D | BT23E | BT30X | BT31 | BT35X | BT36X | BT43


Sportscars: BT5 | BT8A | BT17


v  d  e


Cars that competed in the 1966 Formula One season


Brabham BT7  Brabham BT11  Brabham BT19  Brabham BT20  Brabham BT22  BRM P261  BRM P83  Cooper T77  Cooper T81  Eagle T1G  Ferrari 246T  Ferrari 312  Honda RA273  Lotus 25  Lotus 33  Lotus 43  McLaren M2B  Pearce T73  Shannon SH1


v  d  e


Cars that competed in the 1967 Formula One season


Brabham BT11  Brabham BT19  Brabham BT20  Brabham BT24  BRM P261  BRM P83  BRM P115  Cooper T77  Cooper T79  Cooper T81  Cooper T86  Eagle T1G  Ferrari 312  Honda RA273  Honda RA300  LDS 3  Lola T100  Lotus 25  Lotus 33  Lotus 43  Lotus 49  Matra MS7  McLaren M4B  McLaren M5A 





Categories: 1966 Formula One season cars | 1967 Formula One season cars | Brabham Formula One carsHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009 | Featured articles

Magnetic lock

Frbiz Site


History


An electromagnetic lock, also known as magnetic lock, was patented on May 2, 1989, by Arthur, Richard and David Geringer of Security Door Controls, an access control hardware manufacturing firm. The device outlined in their designs was the same in principle as the modern magnetic lock consisting of an electromagnet and armature plate. The patent did not make any reference to the manufacturing methods of the electromagnet and detailed several variations on the design including one that used a spring-loaded armature plate to bring the armature plate closer to the electromagnet. The patent expired on May 2, 2009.


This device was a 'shear' magnetic lock, as opposed to the original (and now ubiquitous) 'direct pull' electromagnetic locks and was an improvement on a 1984 patent cited in the same document.
embossed aluminum


Operation
corrugated metal sheets


The magnetic lock relies upon some of the basic concepts of electromagnetism. Essentially it consists of an electromagnet attracting a conductor with a force sufficiently large enough to prevent the door from being opened. In more detailed examination, the device makes use of the fact that a current through one or more loops of wire (known as a solenoid) produces a magnetic field. This works in free space, but if the solenoid is wrapped around a ferromagnetic core such as soft iron the effect of the field is greatly amplified. This is because the internal magnetic domains of the material align with each other to greatly enhance the magnetic flux density.


Equations


Using the Biot-Savart law, it can be shown that the magnetic flux density B induced by a solenoid of effective length l with a current I through N loops is given by the equation:


The force F between the electromagnet and the armature plate with surface area S exposed to the electromagnet is given by the equation:


In both equations, 0 represents the permeability of free space and r represents the relative permeability of the core.


Although the actual performance of a magnetic lock may differ substantially due to various losses (such as flux leakage between the electromagnet and the conductor), the equations give a good insight into what is necessary to produce a strong magnetic lock. For example the force of the lock is proportional to the square of the relative permeability of the magnetic core. Given the relative permeability of a material can vary from around 250 for cobalt to around 5000 for soft iron and 7000 for silicon-iron the choice of magnetic core can therefore have an important impact upon the strength of a magnetic lock. Also relevant is the choice of current, number of loops and effective length of the electromagnet.


Technical comparison


Magnetic locks possess a number of advantages over conventional locks and electric strikes. For example, their durability and quick operation can make them valuable in a high-traffic office environment where electronic authentication is necessary. Nevertheless in a number of applications economic or security reasons can lead to conventional locks or electric strikes being a better choice.


Advantages


Normally easy to install


Magnetic locks are generally easier to install than other locks given there are no interconnecting parts.


Quick operation


Magnetic locks unlock instantly when the power is cut allowing for quick operation in comparison to other locks.


Competitive with conventional locks


Despite common misperceptions, today's magnetic locks are competitive with conventional locks. For example, the ASSA Heavy Duty High Security Modular Lockcase is designed to withstand an end load of 5,000 N. In comparison, the Securitron 1200 Pound Magnetic Lock is designed to withstand a load of 5,300 N and there are higher power models available. Magnetic locks may also suffer less damage from multiple blows.


Disadvantages


Requires continuous power when locked


To remain locked the magnetic lock requires a constant power source. At around 3 watts, the power drain of the lock is typically far less than that of a conventional lightbulb (around 60 watts), but it may cause security concerns as the device will become unlocked if the power source is disrupted. In comparison, electric strikes can be designed to remain locked should the power source be disrupted. Nevertheless, this behaviour can actually be preferable in terms of fire safety.


Cost


The Securitron 1200 Pound Magnetic Lock costs around US$340 for the lock alone. It must then be connected to an electronic access-control system (for example a keycard reader). In comparison, conventional locks can be purchased for under US$40. Annual operation of the magnetic lock will also cost around US$3 in terms of electric power consumption.


Installation


The magnetic lock should always be installed on the inside (secure side) of the door. Installation is as simple as installing on the header of the door frame for out-swinging doors or using a Z-bracket for in-swinging doors. It is important to make sure the armature plate and the electromagnet align as closely as possible to ensure efficient operation. Magnetic locks are almost always part of a complete electronic security system. Such a system may simply consist of an attached keycard reader or may be more complex involving connection to a central computer that monitors the building's security. Whatever the choice of locking system, fire safety is an important consideration.


References


^  Geringer A. Geringer R. Geringer D. Electromagnetic Door Lock Device, U.S. Patent 4,826,223, May 2, 1989.


^  Sadiku, M. Elements of Electromagnetics (3rd edition), Oxford University Press, 2001 (ISBN 0-19-513477-X).


^  Performance Specifications, http://www.assa.co.uk/resources/Services/docs/PSG%20Word.rtf, ASSA Limited (Last updated 7th, May 2003)


^  Securitron Magnetic Locks, http://www.nokey.com/secmagloc.html, The Keyless Lock Store (Accessed 12th, September 2005)


^  Purchase Rates, http://www.westernpower.com.au/home/products_services/renewable_energy_buyback/purchase_rates.html, Western Power (Accessed 12th, September 2005) (assumes 3 W power consumption)


^  The Complete Book of Locks and Locksmithing (4th edition), Bill Phillips, McGraw-Hill Inc. 1995.


Categories: Locks

Triple Option 2, the auction hammer Suning Guo dissociate itself from the United States

The second option


Auction


Yesterday (April 2, 2008) the hammer finally shoot by 14.8 yuan / share price. But in mid-February as the first stock auction, the auction site again, "the mysterious
wholesale hip hop jewelry


Buyer
illusion necklace


", He won the triple trading company of about 2277 million shares of restricted stock for sale 188 bidders, is still unwilling to be identified.


Country United States


, Suning, and other enterprises are once again clarifying their relationship with this auction. This allows a group with the option could have become the dust settles after the new ownership of the fog, even more nebulous.





Yesterday (April 2, 2008), in the Silver Star Co., Ltd. under the auspices of the auction, held by the Group triple triple trading company of about 2277 million stake in the auction as scheduled. It is reported that a starting price of 5.6 yuan / share, after multiple rounds of bidding, the buyer 188 to 14.8 yuan / share the competition to obtain the stock price. Triple the price slightly higher than the previous day's closing price of 14.15 yuan trading company, but not the day before the stock's intraday high price of 14.92 yuan. Meanwhile, early in February 2700 triple trading companies are forced to auction shares of stock sold for 19.9 yuan / share price compared to the turnover the lowest 5.1 yuan / share. Triple Trading Company yesterday to auction grounds for continuous suspension.





188 buyers, but did not disclose the identity of the same? Who is he? He is hidden behind the others? Suning


Electrical


Sun Weimin, president denied yesterday completely relevant to this auction. He said: "not been involved from start to finish (the auction)." And stressed that the company did not understand (triple trading companies), not its texture, the situation analysis conducted, it can not bid on or auction value assessed.





Gome spokesman denied any Yang-ching: "The States United States did not participate in the auction." But he was on "188, whether the buyer and the National US relations," "Country and for the first time the United States will use a similar third-party auction means to win the auction of the shares "and other series of problems are not responding. He was the bid price of 14.8 yuan this has not been evaluation. Group related to the triple this has not responded.





Who asked not to be named


Home Appliances


Business people believe that,


Investment


Point of view, the high bid price for that. He said that both the first bid or from the present point of view, the biggest problem facing the triple trading company is the integration, while integration of the results are great relationship with shareholders. "Although the United States as the largest shareholder of the country, already has some integration, but obviously the more shareholders, the greater the risk integration."





Kuafu Enterprise


Management Consulting


Liu Buchen agency also believes that the people behind the mysterious buyer is likely to be Gome. In his view, home appliance chain is a very mature industry, other industries and enterprises is difficult to get involved, the higher the possibility of involvement of industries and enterprises, the focus can be concentrated in countries upon the United States and Suning; and as a major shareholder of Gome, still holding the right not dominant, if other bidders are likely to be involved in the threat to its holding position, the country is not willing to face such a situation the United States; again, and Suning, even won the stake, only the second largest shareholders, and therefore is unlikely Suning auction.

Cenxi ASEAN Appliances Industrial Park preliminary cluster

Frbiz Site





Cenxi seize the China - ASEAN Free Trade Area and the "pan" triangular economic cooperation opportunities, continually tap the investment potential and investment by industry cluster formation characteristics, so that ASEAN appliance industrial park Cenxi supporting industries ability to constantly improve, household appliances industry cluster effect of the initial display. So far, Galanz Group affiliates Shiang-Rong Yu Electric Co., Ltd., and supporting enterprise universal circuit board Co., Ltd., Kingsway Precision Mould Co., Ltd., 11 enterprises have settled down in the park, which has been cast (test) production There 8. In addition, Guangdong Shenzhou electrical household appliances such as the 10 companies are building or have entered into investment contracts, there are 17 families with investment intentions of companies are negotiating. Expected by the end of 2007, the home appliance industry output will reach 1.6 billion park.



custom packaging tape


Cenxi ASEAN Industrial Park is the home appliances according to the eastern industrial transfer Cenxi situation, and the western region and the ASEAN market demand for home appliances, investigation and evaluation by the multi-Zini decided in the original industrial park based on the construction of industrial parks, is focus on the construction of the city's industrial park development project. The park is located ten miles Cenxi, Yu-Wu Road, western part of Long Street, Yung-Cen-level highway at the entrance section of the South Canton Highway Cenxi, and Luoyang-Zhanjiang railway, south-Canton Railway Station area connected to both regional superiority and human resources advantage. The park is to take government-led, market-oriented mode of operation of investment and construction. The total planned area of 5.976 square kilometers, mainly the development of home appliances, electronics and hardware to match with plastics processing industry, and the introduction of trading, distribution and services, to build the leading products, parts, marketing, logistics integration Park.
leather wedding photo album





Order to attract more enterprises to settle down, the city actively docking with the eastern region, has taken to reduce processing links, to reduce service charges, service environment and a series of measures to optimize to the park to provide preferential treatment of investment companies; improve the kind of park infrastructure, improve the quality of services for the enterprise; the same time, increased economic and, to dissect a business, an industry analysis, the introduction of a number of enterprises and foster an industry of the "four" investment strategy, efforts to promote investment chain, formation of industrial facilities, effectively promoted the development of the park home appliances.





The development of a strong sense of accurate positioning and excellent hard and soft environment to make household appliances Industrial Park humming. Just over half a year, park construction has begun to take shape. Home Appliances Industrial Park currently developing 23 hectares of a basically complete, Phase II development of 100 hectares of land within this year, "leveling" has been built single-layer, multi-storey 60,000 square meters standard industrial factory, to the drainage network, road network and power communications and other infrastructure projects have been initially established and continue to improve. Home appliance category, 11 enterprises have settled down in the park, has been cast (test) produced 8. Enterprises have entered the industrial park formed a horizontal counterparts, a pattern of vertical supporting.


[Keyword Search]:


Cenxi ASEAN appliances


 


Shenzhou


 


Glanz





Large


 


In


 


Small